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．recycling—recycling ycling soda bottles—．waste—． Coast management spp．throwaways— waste management cr．recycling—recycling spp． economic — the —man agement (12) cp．the least expensive— least expensive cp．depress prices—the valuable least expe nsive spp．rubbish— the waste— management sr．recycled — rec — smp．turning them in— cr．rec ycling—recycled cr．discard—waste cr．recycling—recycled ycled to fence posts ——dis·· cr．rubbish—waste spp．give it a second cp．prices—payingfor po sal sr．New York—New York life—dispo sal smp．throwaways—waste (13) spp．discarded plastic spp．separating valuable ma— spp．economic arran ge— soda bottles — waste terials from the rest of the ments—savings of more recycled rubbish—disposal than $100 per ton cr．recycled — Fee — smp．discarded plastic sr．recycling—recycling cr．economic —econom sr．recycling—recycling ycling soda bottles ——recy·- sr．materials—material —Y smp．materials collected cled products spp．adiscard—recycled for recycling— recycled (14) products products cp． markets — energy cost of industries sr．recycling—recycling ● (12) spp．1andfill space—waste—management cp．rising costs—the least expensive (12) cr．recycling—recycled cr．recycling—recycled (13) cp．rising costs—paying for spp·waste—management—waste spp．1ocal governments—New York cp．the least expensive—savings (13) sr．recycling—recycling sr．recyling—recycling cr．recycled—recycling sr．1ocal—local spp．waste～ management— recycled cp． (14) $100 perton—costs smp．forcing—stimulates products cp．paying for—economy spp．1andfill space—recycled products 这样的矩阵可以以多种方式解释篇章中的重复连接情况。首先，可用它追溯篇章中的每一句子与另一句子的每一连接点，不管句子相距多远，纵栏和横栏都标有句子序号。如果想知道句(1)与句(4)的连接情况，我们由纵栏即上下顺序找到(4)，再由横栏即左右顺序找到(1)，两数字垂直交叉的那个相格或称“矩”中，便是句(1)与句(4) 的连接情况：New York State—New York。每对重复词中第一个词出现于居前的句子，第二个词出现于居后的句子。如“New York State出现于句(1)，New York出现于句(4)。假如想知道句(3)与句(14)的连接情况，用同样的方法找到句(3)与句(14)垂直交叉的相格，于是可以看出句(3)与句(14)有2个重复连接点。第一个是the aluminum and glass—recycled products，第二个是raw material—raw material。用同样的方法，从矩阵中可以知道这篇文章中全部句子的连接情况。矩阵可以只呈现连接点数目而不呈现具体词汇，这样可以一目了然地看出某一句子与其他句子构成的连接数目。如下图所示： (2) 3 (2) (3) 2 3 (3) (4) l O O (4) (5) l l l O (5) (6) 2 2 l l l (6) (7) l l 3 l l l (7) (8) l l l l l 2 l (8) (9) l O l O l 0 l 2 (9) (1o) l 2 2 O l 2 2 3 2 (10) (11) 3 2 3 O l 2 2 2 2 3 (11) (12) 3 l O l l l l 4 2 3 3 (12) ● (13) 2 2 2 l l l 。 2 4 3 3 3 3 (13) (14) l 2 2 O l l l 2 2 3 4 2 3 句子序号有联结的句子 (2)(11)(12) (1)(3) (2)(7)(11) 如果把句子当作互相关联的信息板块，那些与篇章主题发展关系密切的句子与其他句子之间构成的重复联结数目就多，我们将此类句子称为中心句；那些对主题发展作用小的句子与其他句子构成的联结就少，我们称之为边缘句。边缘句信息价值低，在篇章中不直接需要或作用不大。我们用下表对这篇文章各句与其他句子构成联结的数目进行考察，括号中的数字代表与某一句子构成联结的句子数目，其中前一个数字代表居前的句子数目，后一数字代表居后的句子数目，⋯0’表示不与任何句子构成连结， “一”表示前面或后面无句子，即篇章的开头句和结尾句：从以上表中可以看出，这篇文章有8个句子与篇章中其他句子构成联结，也可以说与其他句子构成3个以上联结，这8个句子即句(1)旬(3)句(8)句句aJ)句句句。如果把这8个句子摘录出来，可以构成一个对篇章内容的合理概括，即篇章概要我们再来看这篇阅读材料的问题： 1．What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containem? A)A fee should be charged on used containem for recycling． B)Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling． C)Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them． D)Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles． 2．The returned plastic bottles in New York used to A)be turned into raw materials B)be separated from other rubbish C)have a second—life value D)end up somewhere underground 3．The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverag e containe