理论与实践相结合
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2016-05-09编辑:lily点击率:19837
论文字数:5052论文编号:org201605061444159001语种:中文 Chinese地区:瑞典价格:免费论文
关键词:社会团体交往心理学
摘要:本文主要研究社会团体的运作模式,介绍了研究的三种方法,并通过小组实验的方式,阐述如何保持团体成员的紧密联系,团体领导如何掌握全局等。
理论与实践相结合
我试图论证一个值得重视的问题,通过反思和评估我在一个人文交往团体的个人经验并与理论相结合,也通过一些保密资料获得信息,同时也坚持BACP(2009年)理论框架。
道格拉斯(2001年,第8页)将小团体描述为:“...一个微型社会体系...”同时,费希尔(1974年,第7页)提出:“...正常人的疗法”,科里(2000年,489页)提出:“小团体是一个你可以安心表达深藏内心的感受、事件和个人经历的地方...完成你以前未完成的事情,在小团体的交流过程中它们会自动显现...创造接受和宽容的氛围,这会推动你更加积极地参与其中。”巴尔内斯、艾伦斯特和海德(1993年,第3页)提出:“当一批人因为共同的目标走到一起,他们就形成了一个小团体”。同时,布拉顿、卡利那、福肖和沙丘克(2007年,第299页)提出:“两个人面对面交流...”尤班克(1932年,第163页)提出:“小团体就是两个及以上人的心灵交流...”。弗洛伊德(1921年)将人们进入小团体的过程描述为成员之间的情感联系。
Integration of theory and practice
Published: 23, March 2015
I attempt to demonstrate a critical awareness, reflect upon and evaluate my personal experiences in relation to theory within a humanistic (Glassman & Kates, 1990) interpersonal (Yalom, 1989) group whilst also being aware of confidentiality issues and adhering to the BACP (2009) ethical framework.
Douglas (2001 p.8) describes a group as: ''...a miniature social system...'' whilst Fisher (1974 p.7) suggests: ''Therapy for normal people...'' and Corey (2000 p.489) suggests: ''The group is a place where you can safely explore feelings, events and experiences that you've buried...work through unfinished business from your past, which will show itself through the interactions in the group...to create an accepting and tolerant climate that will promote your active participation''. Barnes, Ernst, and Hyde (1999 p.3) suggest: ''A collection of people becomes a group when those people come together with a common aim'' whilst Bratton, Callinan, Forshaw, and Sawchuk (2007 p.299) suggest: ''two or more people who are in face-to-face interaction...''. Eubank (1932 p.163) argues: ''A group is two or more persons in a relationship of psychic interaction...'' whilst Freud (1921) describes how people become drawn into groups due to emotional bonds or ties that form between its members.
There are three main approaches to working with groups, psychoanalytical, behavioural and humanist. The psychoanalytic approach within a group situation is called ''...'group-analysis' and 'group-analytic situation'...The emphasis is on the individual in the group...the interpretation of the transference situation as it presents itself in the ongoing session (the 'here and now)...'' (Foulkes & Anthony, 1965 p.17-20) whilst Shapiro (1978 p.45) suggests: ''Psychoanalytic group therapy is an extension of classical Freudian psychoanalysis to the group setting...normally these groups have a heterogeneous membership''. Hansen, Warner and Smith (1980 p.25) suggest:
The psychoanalytical approach to groups symbolizes the conventional method of group treatment...group members...[who] typically meet once a week...with eight or nine members who interact with each other...engaged in a 'group-analysis' and 'group-analytic situation'...Group dynamics do exist...the whole group is now in a sense one... (Hansen et al. 1980 p.25).
Shapiro (1978 p.46) suggests: ''The analytic group leadership is fairly passive and non-directive...'' and it would seem that our group leader did not use this approach, was directive, critical and hostile (Barker, Cegala, Kibler & Wahlers, 1979) with a tendency to coerce the co-leader into not allowing members to work through unfinished business (Corey, 2000). I felt that this was not a place to safely explore my feelings as the leader did not as Hansen et al. (1980 p.24) suggest: ''...assu
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