理论与实践相结合 [2]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2016-05-09编辑:lily点击率:19838
论文字数:5052论文编号:org201605061444159001语种:中文 Chinese地区:瑞典价格:免费论文
关键词:社会团体交往心理学
摘要:本文主要研究社会团体的运作模式,介绍了研究的三种方法,并通过小组实验的方式,阐述如何保持团体成员的紧密联系,团体领导如何掌握全局等。
me a relatively passive role...''.
The behaviourist approach to working with groups consists of the application of a set of principles based in learning theory (Lazarus, 1971) and grew out of the individual psychotherapy of Wolpe (1958). ''In behavioural group therapy the primary focus is on overt, specific behaviors. It is essentially a treatment of individuals in a group setting. Normally these groups have a homogeneous population...The behavior [leadership] in groups is essentially an expert [she] is active, directive and assumes overall responsibility for the proceedings...'' (Shapiro, 1978 pp.49-51). ''The main techniques...are aimed at behavioural changes...'' (Corey, 2000). It was found that the leaders were inappropriate for a humanistic group as they had been trained as behaviourist (klein, 1963) practitioners and they followed a directive ''Social cognitive theory...'' (Staples & Webster, 2007 pp.60-97). Hays and Danieli (as cited by Rosenbaum & Snadowsky, 1976 p. 113) argue: ''...view[ing] the group as an optimal environment...''. This non-directive Humanist approach to groups reflects the various themes of group life that revolve around closeness (Garland, Jones & Kolodny, 1973 pp.17-71).
Barker et al. (1979 p.11) suggests: ''A small group is formed by a nucleus of individuals who share a common problem...who have common goals and purpose'' whilst Brown (1996 p.44) suggests: ''...an aggregate of people as a group individuals think of themselves as group''. Phillips and Erickson (1970 p.13) suggest five reasons why small groups form as: ''...people feel a common concern about a problem, to bring people together...to investigate a problem...to find a solution...to deal with people issues...''.
Homans (1961) developed a theory for why people stay in groups based on the reward minus cost equation...'' whilst Cooley (1902) describes how small groups could be seen as the most basic social entity and Lazell (1921) proposed the notion of a group as an eco-sysytem. Verny (1974 p.212) suggests: ''...encounter groups are to make the well better'' and Corey (1987 pp.9-11) also suggests: ''...having as a broad purpose increasing people's knowledge of themselves and others....''. Hansen et al. (1980 pp.4-5) describe: ''...a dynamic interpersonal process focusing on conscious thought and behaviour...'' whilst Mullan and Rosenbaum (1962) suggest: ''...the human need for group communication [the]...means for persons to communicate intimately, one with another'' and psychologically aware of one another as part of a group (Shein, 1997). Research by Paulus (1989 p.37) suggests: ''A group comes into existence only because individuals meet, gather together and thus become visible to one another...'' whilst Rose (2008 p.3) suggests: ''Every PD group member is faced with the challenge of learning...''. I agree with Douglas (1983 p.132) who argues: ''No one ever truly learned how to operate in a group situation by reading a book'' and Douglas (1976 p.11) suggests: ''The majority of human groups are established for a purpose...''.
The purpose of my group (Corey, 2000) was to form a humanistic personal development or growth group (Glassman & Kates, 1990) that members named empowerment. This group was affiliated to the main learning group within my counselling school. It was hoped that: ''...the development of a open, honest, caring, non-judgemental environment...'' (Shapiro, 1
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