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f promtion, low social values, piece rate payment system, unclear and unfair perofmance evalutaion system, over or under skilled for job, role in organisation, interpersonal relationship, organisational culture, work life balance etc.

1.74 According to a research study (2001) on nurses in Ankara Turkey entitled effect of pyhsical enviroment on the stress levels of nurses, states and identify that education level and employment of the nurses are significantly related with the stress levels of hemodylsis nurses. Nurses marital status, occupational seniority, years of working, number of children, age, employment status, husbands occupation and husband educational level are highly significantly co related with their stress level.

According to Hans Selye GAS model;

Selye (1982) model represent that “The General Adaptation Syndrome assumes that each individual will react to a stressful situation in a certain way. It fails to take into account the individual's ability to interpret a threat as a source of pressure and act to change his situation.” This ability is considered as coping or adaptation.

Model by Williams (1994) exhibits;

SOURCESOFSTRESS+COPINGBEHAVIOUR=PERSONALITY+EFFECTS

Stress process

In this model, the individual's personality attributes, has a very significant influence on the potentiality both of the sources of stress and of the coping behaviours.

Cox (1993) emphasises the importance of the feedback loop in models of this kind:

“If person realise that they are failing to cope with the demands of a task, and experience concern about that failure because it is important, then this is a ‘stress' scenario. Stress reduces the performance and as well ability of the person.

Cox (1993) indicated two important sources of stress arising from the role pf person in the enterprise that is role ambiguity and role conflict. When a worker has insufficient information about his work, role ambiguity occurs and when indivisual is compell to perform a task in conflict with the values role conflict occurs. Role conflict and ambiguity positively co related with absenteeism, leaving the job, psychological and physiological strain, tension and fatigue. Role conflict and ambiguity is negatively co related with organizational commitment, job involvment, performance, descion making, tolerance, satisfaction, physical with drawal and reported influence.

“Poorrelations with colleagues, supervisors and subordinates at work have been identified as important risk factors” for stress-related problems indicated by Sauter, Murphy and Hurrell (1992). Cox and Griffiths (1995) identify the characteristics of situations experienced as stressful, one of which is “individuals are relatively isolated and receive little support from colleagues, supervisors, friends or family” (Cox and Griffiths 1995).

Ganster (1986) research study found a strong correlation between a lack of social support, especially from a supervisor, and dissatisfaction with work. It clearly show that social support is a significant element in the organization which de enhance the level 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。