头先烂--上梁不正下梁歪。
If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.
两人骑一匹马,总有一人坐在后面--两人参加的事只能一人为主。
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.
隔墙的苹果最甜--这山看着那山高。
Don't forget to cross your t's.
写时不要忘记 t上面那一横--一言一行都不要马虎草率。
C.套译
套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗,如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解,或原文的形象引起另一种联想,从而影响到原文意思的准确传达,这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时,有时可采用这种译法 。例如:
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。
Some prefer turnips and others pears.
萝卜白菜,各有所爱。(比译为"有人喜欢萝卜, 有人喜欢梨"更能为中国读者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直译为"瘦得像个横杆",则不符合中国人习惯。)
clean hand 两袖清风
It was by no means a bed of rose. 这决不是安乐窝。
He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头,卖狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
as red as rose 艳如桃李
as clear as daylight 洞若观火
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人终成眷属。
He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。
Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢对手,将遇良才。
Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.
好借好还,再借不难。
第18课 翻译难点--习语译法(2)
D. 意译
当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时,如使用套译的结果不理想,还可以采用意译。例如:
Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it. 试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们, 他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的,可是都因此封了爵。(to skate on thin ice 若直译为"如履薄冰",则会产生谨慎从事的联想, 有违原意。)
to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即来
Hilter was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。
Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.
玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。(而不是"像两颗豌豆一样相似")
英语习语中有些明喻或由于年代久远,或以讹传讹,或由于比喻与被比喻的相互关系甚为隐晦, 单从字面上难以理解, 这时就不必追求原文形式了,而要把原文深层所蕴涵的意思译出来,便于读者直接了解原文的意义。例如:
She likes to rubber-neck. 她爱问长问短。
start a hare 话离本题
to bring down the house 全场喝彩
plain sailing 一帆风顺
to show one's clean heels 逃之夭夭
to go on a wild goose chase 枉费心机
as greedy as a wolf 贪得无厌
Every bean has its black. 人皆有短处。
E.直译加意译
这种译法既能保持原文的比喻形象, 同时又能明白清楚地表达寓意。例如:
laugh off one's head笑掉了牙
break the earth破土动工
wash off one's hands洗手不干
There is no rose without a thorn.
玫瑰皆有刺, 乐中必有苦。(比意译的"世上没有十全十美的幸福。"简洁形象。)
Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日, 人有盛衰时。
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔, 转业不聚财。
I had won 0 at poker that ordinarily would have burned a hole in my pocket,but I couldn't shake an overwhelming sadness. 我玩扑克游戏赢了三百元。通常,钱烧口袋漏,一有就不留。可我当时极为忧愁烦闷怎么也无法摆脱那种恶劣的心境。
Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.
俗话说, 衣柜里面藏骷髅, 见不得人的事儿家家有。
F. 意译加注
有些英语习语意译成汉语时,如有必要可提供相关的背景的知识,以帮助读者加深对原习语的理解。例如:
throw in the sponge 认输,投降 (注:若拳击运动员的副手把擦身用的海绵抛向空中,则表示这个运动员认输因而不进入下一轮比赛。)
pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波,息事宁人(注:传说航海遇到风浪时,若把油倒进海里,可起到使海浪平息的作用。)
open sesame 敲门砖, 过难关的秘诀(注:《天方夜谈》中的《阿里巴巴与四十大盗》故事说:一个山洞内藏有无数的金银财宝,但洞门紧闭,必须用咒语"开门芝麻"才能打开。)
Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自来。(注:英国从前流行一种风俗, 人们常在商店的门口外挂某种东西作为该店经营某种商品的标志, 挂常春藤ivybush标志的常为酒店。)
三、翻译英语习语应注意的几个问题
A. 准确理解习语,切毋望文生义,弄出笑话来。例如下面几例就是因为理解错了,所以译文不对:
(1)John likes to pat himself on the back. 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。(正确译法:约翰喜欢自吹。)
(2)Then it happened that I had to answer the call of nature, and, passing, I saw the risen dough, which seemed to say to me, "Do it!" In brief, I let myself be persuaded. 碰巧我现在得对自然的召唤作出答复(正确译法:碰巧这时我想解手),
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