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明法律英语主张使用一般读者接受的熟悉的词汇取代正式的“大词”。下文中列举的正式词汇都可以由其后括号内的普通词汇取代,例如: approxi-mately ( round/about); commence/initiate ( begin/start);complete ( finish); employ ( use); notify ( tell); present(give); remainder (rest); terminate (end)等等。

(二)句法特征

1.优先使用主动语态(ActiveVoice)Richard K. Neumann曾经指出,法律写作中被动语态的三大缺点:结构臃肿、语义模糊和语气微弱。尽管主动语态和被动语态表示的意思一致,但是它们所强调的重点是有区别的,并且被动语态中一般不提及行为的主体,从而产生语言的模糊性,而主动语态通常意思更为清楚和明了。除此以外,表达同一意思的句子,被动语态往往比主动语态要长,因此主动语态的使用显得更为经济。以下两个句子中,第一句为主动语态,第二句为被动语态:1) Sellerand the Buyeragree tomake the following agree-ment.2) The following agreement is made by and between theSeller and the Buyer.

2.使用短句子(ShortSentences)几个世纪以来,英语国家的律师习惯于冗长复杂的句子,而长句子往往使得法律英语难懂晦涩。例如:In a trialby jury, the courtmay, when the convenience ofwitnesses or the ends of justicewould be promoted thereby, onmotion of a party, afternotice and hearing, make an order, nolater than the close of the pretrial conference in cases inwhichsuch pretrial conference is to be held, or in other cases, no lat-er than 10 days before the trial date, that the trial of the issueof liability shallprecede the trialofany other issue in the case.这是一个简单句,但是这个简单句的主语(court)是该句的第7个单词,该句的动词(make)出现在第32个单词,部分的宾语(an order)紧随其后,但是最为关键的部分却是第68个词,读到这时读者已经忘记了主语和动词,为了找回它们,读者必须回过头去再读一遍。Bertrand Russell建议,“如果想要在一句话中表达多个限制条件,不如用若干单独的句子来表述。”因此,简明法律英语的解决办法就是使用短句子,由于该句子包含了5条不同的信息,可以使用5个短句子,每个句子包含一个中心思想。具体表述为:In a jury case, the courtmay order the liability issue to betried before any other issue. The courtmaymake such an orderif doing so serves the convenience ofwitnesses or the ends ofjustice. The courtmaymake the orderon a party’smotion, af-ternotice and hearing. In a casewith a pretrial conference, thecourtmaymake the order no later than the end of the confer-ence. In a case with no pretrial conference, the court maymake the order no later than ten days before the trial date.为了使得法律英语明白易懂,短句子的使用是值得推崇的,但是并不因此而排除复合句和从句的使用本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。