英语论文网

g expertise. Its main advantages are, full attention on training aspect, guidance by the best experts in the area, freeing of the busy executives from often-unwanted instructional task, and freedom to the trainee from the daily pressure of work routine.

However, this has some limitations too: e.g. poor transferability to the job—more often the trainee learns new facts and principles at lectures, workshops, and conferences but have no idea how to apply what he has learned, once he is back in his job.

Lecture Method: To make this method effective the instructor expert must plan his lecture by taking into consideration: who comprise his audience, what do they need from him, what is the time available, and what and how will he like to convey it. The lecture should be brief and to the point, presenting the theme of the subject in a manner that arouses interest in the audience from the start. The speaker should be poised, courteous, and sincere; his gestures and actions should be spontaneous. Affectations are extremely distracting and annoying. It is best to use simple language that has less chance of being misunderstood.

The main advantages of this method are: i) large number of trainees can be covered at the same time, ii) it is cost-effective, and iii) it is also an efficient method for acquiring latest knowledge in the field.

The main limitations are: i) it gives little opportunity for active practice, knowledge of results, or transfer of learning, ii) there is danger of over-learning when the experts try to cover too much in too little time, and iii) this method can not meet the needs of individual differences among learners--their backgrounds, personality , motivations etc.

The lecture method may be strengthened with the use of several instructional audio-visual aids like Blackboards, Flip-charts, Magnetic Boards, Overhead Projectors as tools of effective presentation, and short visuals, slides, enactments, case films etc. as tools to highlight the concepts. These aids make presentations more lively, precise and understandable. Further, the contents get etched in the memory of the trainees more permanently.

Conference (Discussion) Method: This method encourages the participation of all members of the group in an exchange of opinions, ideas, and criticism. It is a small group discussion in which leader plays a neutral role providing guidance and feedback. This method is effective when the material needs clarification and elaboration or where lively discussion would facilitate understanding all the implications of a problem and in developing creative and effective solutions to the problems at hand.

The main objectives of this method are: a) developing the decision-making and problem-solving skills of participants, b) presenting new and sometimes complex ideas and concepts, c) changing and modifying attitudes through group discussions. The method can draw on the learning principles of motivation, participation and feedback.

Programmed Instructions: It is also called a teaching machine. It was developed in the late 1950s for both school and industrial applications. Its main features are: i) the trainees learn at their own place, ii) the instructors are not a key part of the learnin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。