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science and technology will have no driving force. Certainly with R&D funding an average of 15,000 RMB per capita, we can not demand the R&D personnel to gain some achievements, let alone the important ones. Fifth, the education system is lagging and the protection for intellectual property right is not enough. The reform of education system lags far behind, which brings about that the education the talents receive breaks away from the needs of economic development in the society, one of the problems which restrain the international competitiveness of Chinese R&D. Overstaffing in the higher education is very common. In colleges and universities, the percentage of teachers in the teaching staff is less than 40% on an average in the whole country and the number of students every teacher should take charge of is less than 7 on average, we can say it as one of the lowest level around the world. And the elementary and secondary education, focusing on exam-oriented education, greatly affects the quality of the human resources. As a system guarantee for encouraging the development of science and technology, the intellectual property protection has been highly valued all over the world all through the ages. However the protection for intellectual property right in China is not so pleasing. In the 1998 IMD evaluation report of international competitiveness, the index of people's satisfaction of Chinese intellectual property protection ranked 33rd. The low ranking showed the shortage of the protection for intellectual property right in China. Nowadays it is still same. Sixth, there still exist many problems in the R&D industry-university-research program in China. People are confused about them. First the industry-university-research program connects with many economic entities, so the organizational mechanisms in cooperation are unstable and often in dispute. For this reason, the effectiveness of the cooperation often changes. Second the quality of some enterprises is low, thus they have no such technical skills to master the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Third most of the achievements are in the state of continued improvement. In the research stage, the engineering and scale production are not taken seriously, which leads to the failure of production in the cooperation. Fourth because the marketing right of the product is under control of the enterprises and thereby it is very difficult for the scientific research institutions and universities to know about and monitor the practical process of production and marketing. Therefore sometimes how to share the profit becomes a problem.
-South Korea
Through the economic history of over forty years in South Korea, during the transition process from a poor agricultural country to a modern industrial country to a post-industrial society, the science and technology has played an important role. Based on the national condition, the South Korean government continually took some measures like regulating its policies and transforming the system etc. made an effort to get advantages in the international trade, and those kinds of efforts helped South Korea had created the Han River Miracle and gone through the financial crisis. No matter what South Korea has experienced, the experience to succeed it gained in the development of economy and scientific and technological policies are very worthwhile.
d) Social cultural environment. It mea