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tical discussions.
The importance of lexical bundles has also been revealed because of recent work incorpus studies. Laufer (1997) pointed out that researchers in corpus analysis and thecomputational linguistics have brought considerable enthusiasm on the significant role oflexical sequences. Sinclair (1991) also found that the high-frequency formulaicsequences are basic and ideal units in English language through a corpus research. Wray(2000), who has researched this topic in corpus linguistics, detailed that language iscomposed of large amounts of prefabricated sequences, which have been evaluated “ashigh as 80 percent in the corpus research".

1.2 Reasons of the Study
According to the previous studies, the reason of choosing the present study is to bediscussed in the following:Firstly, as mentioned above, lexical bundles play a significant role in language useand acquisition for both LI and L2 speakers. It has been widely acknowledged that theuse of lexical bundles has been regarded as a marker of speakers' language proficiency.In China, students' English levels are mainly graded through a number of writing testsand assignments. Nonetheless, a significant problem with Chinese students is lack oflexical or word knowledge, especially the knowledge of lexical bundles. Thus thisresearch has certain utility value in L2 teaching for Chinese teachers and students.Secondly，Chinese researchers mainly studied lexical bundles on the level oftheoretical study. The empirical researches are rarely used and only focus on the using oflexical bundles in Chinese student，speaking and writing, Chinese students' chunkcompetence, as well as the relationship between chunk competence and languageproficiency. Few studies are designed to compare different lexical bundles used by LIand L2 speakers in corpus studies.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definition and Categorization of Lexical Bundles
The study of formulaic language has a long history in applied linguistics. But thereis no uniformed definition for the formulaic patterns. Too many terms are used bydifferent researchers in different opinions, for instance, lexical bundles (Biber et al，1999,2004; Biber & Barbieria, 2007; Cortes，2004，2006, 2008; Hyland, 2008a; Nekrasova,2009; Jablonkai, 2010), formulaic language/sequences (Wray，2002; Schmitt, 2003;Lancker, 2004; Schauer, 2006; Coklin, 2007, Wood, 2006，2009; Durrant, 2011)，chunks(Richards, et al, 1992; Sinclair, 1991)，clusters (Hyland, 2008b), lexical phrases(Nattinger & DeCarrico, 1992; Koprowski, 2005; Li Jie, 2009), phraseology (Howarth,1998; Granger & Meunier, 2008), recurrent word combinations (Altenberg, 1998)，phrasicon (De Cock, 1998), n-grams (Stubbs, 2007a, 2007b).Seen from the terms that we have mentioned in the last paragraph, lexical bundlesare the easiest to operate in practical activities. That is the reason why we choose thisterm in the present study. The term was initially advanced in The Longman Grammar ofSpoken and Written English.
Biber et al. (1999) defined lexical bundles as "recurrentexpressions, regardless of their idiomaticity，and regardless of their structural status. Thatis, lexical bundles are simply sequences of word forms that commonly go together innatural discourse." The operational definition was also presented that lexical bundles areidentified empirically, as the combinations of words that in fact recur本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。