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论文作者:meisishow论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-08-28编辑:meisishow点击率:14354
论文字数:7897论文编号:org201408271144337308语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:Economic发展安全Security国民经济生产总值
摘要:2012年对中国经济是最困难的,因为它面临着内部和外部挑战在世界金融和欧洲债务危机。外部,出口增长和外国资本流入放缓由于两国急剧收缩中国和其最大的贸易伙伴之间的交易也在发生着改变。
However, most people believed that the ratio was significantly underestimated and the real level of inequality could be significantly higher than the official figures indicate. A recent report by the Southwest China University of Finance and Economics suggests that China’s Gini Coefficient was 0.61 according to its own data covering over 8,000 households surveyed in 2010. Internationally, a Gini Coefficient at or greater than 0.4 implies that the society is widely divided to a dangerous level that can potentially trigger social and political unrest. As China has reached and significantly surpassed this level of inequality, one can expect that rising social instability and discontent may have become inevitable. Hence, the need to reduce inequality is not just to make people happier, but to make the country more stable, socially and politically. It was reported that there were over 200,000 mass demonstrations in China in 2012, comparing to 78,000 such demonstrations ten years earlier. One of the most important sectors China needs to push for further reform quickly and decisively is the real-estate industry. The contribution of the real estate industry was 4.5% to GDP since 1998 when large scale housing reform and commercialisation was initiated by the central government and if combined with the construction industry, they jointly contributed to over 10% of GDP each year. Meanwhile, the real-estate sector has also become an important recipient industry of FDI in recent years. In 2011, FDI inflow to the sector was up to 23% of the total, making the aggregated amount of FDI absorbed by the industry more than tripling to $27 billion. On the other hand, the development of the housing market also directly influences the living condition of the residents, in particular amid a continuing urbanization process. In 2012, the urban population was 7.1 billion, accounting for 52.6% of the national total, up by 1.3 percentage points from a year earlier. The 4 trillion RMB stimulus package in 2008 triggered the subsequent housing bubble. To appease the market, the government implemented various policies and led to a sharp drop of house selling price in many big Xihua Net, 18 January 2013.
Cities since the second half of 2011. Such abrupt government interventions have increased market volatility, hit investor confidence and consequently caused widespread panic. In 2012, the government made further efforts to restore market confidence while ensuring the stability of the real-estate sector. Since the second half of 2012, house price in the first and second-tier cities started to show signs of recovery (Figure 16). In December 2012, out of 70 large and medium-sized cities, 54 registered an increase in sales price compared with a year earlier. Figure 16 House sales price index of representative first and second tier cities in China109 107 105 103 101 99 97 Jan-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Aug-11 Oct-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Nov-11 Nov-12 Dec-12 Feb-11 Jul-11 Sep-11 Feb-12 Jul-12 Sep-12 Beijing Guangzhou Shanghai Shenzhen.
As proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) under the general guidance of “building a moderately prosperous society in all respects”, China aims to ensure that each urban resident would be entitl本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。