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的文章中，大量运用这种方式，会使文章显得单调，不易吸引住读者。而第二种和第三种方式都会给人一种层层推进的感觉。在写作教学中，教师应该给学生讲授这方面的知识，有意识地训练学生用各种主位-述位衔接方式来写段落以及篇章。若这方面的知识运用得好，写出来的文章连贯性就强。否则，写出来的文章会读起来不自然，如下面这篇文章：10 ）The first was John Schroeder,a detective shotin a pawnshop robbery last November.The brother ofWalter Schroeder,who was killed in a bank robbery in1970 was John Schroeder.Together on the honor roll inthe lobby of Police Headquarters are their names.这篇文章没有语言方面的错误，可读起来很不自然。原因在于没有很好地利用主位-述位衔接方式，若把这篇文章改成如下的方式，读起来就好多了。11 ）The first was John Schroeder,a detective shotin a pawnshop robbery last November.John Schroederwas the brother of Walter Schroeder,who was killed in abank robbery in 1970.Their names are together on the honor roll in the lobby of Police Headquarters.在11 ）中，第二句的主位John Schroeder是第一句的述位，第三句的主位Their names是第二句中主位和述位的组合John Schroeder 和Walter Schroeder。

 

3．主位化与写作
主位化是一个篇章过程，文章的标题和段首主题句都是很有效的主位化手段。一篇文章前部的内容，如题目和段首句在文章中是很重要的，因为它们被主位化了，成为篇章的出发点，后面的内容要围绕它们展开。文章前面的内容还会影响读者对段落的理解，看下例：12)Rocky slowly got up from the mat,planning hisescape.He hesitate a moment and thought.Things werenot going well.What bothered him most was being held,especially since the charge against him had been weak.He considered his present situation.The lock that heldhim was strong,but he thought he could break it.（转引自Brown&Yule,2000:139）如果没有标题，准确理解Rocky在做什么是不容易的。若加上标题A Prisoner Plans His Escape，读者就会有一种理解。但是如果把标题换成A Wrestler ina Tight Corner，读者则会有另一种理解。因此在写作教学中，教师应该要求学生重视标题，重视段首句，要准确无误地写好主题句，写好标题。如果标题或主题句写不好，则整个文章都会受到影响。下面这段文章出自一位学生的一篇习作：13 ）I will never forget the thing which happenedthat morning.I was reading a newspaper when I heard ascreaming cry.I looked back and found a boy wasknocked down.He was lying in the street,bleeding.Atthis time a young man rushed to the poor boy and tried tohelp him.在这段文章中，作者是想描述一次交通事故，可由于作者的主题句描写得不够明晰，读者不容易把握作者在描述什么。如果把句首句改成I will neverforget the car accident which happened that morning.就好多了。

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