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摘要：本文是作者的一篇英国本科毕业论文。任何一个企业和社会组织都是存在于环境之中的。企业环境可分成微观环境和宏观环境。微观环境包括那些直接影响企业履行其使命状况的行动者、供应商、各种市场中间商、顾客、竞争对手等。宏观环境包括那些影响企业微观环境中所有行动者的较广泛的社会力量或因素，包括人口的、经济的、技术的、政治的、法律的、以及社会文化方面的力量和因素。企业的经济环境包括：1、宏观经济形势，如国民经济发展水平及其发展趋势，政府财政。金融情况;2、本行业在整个经济体系中的地位和行业特点;3、企业的直接经济环境，包括人均实际收入、平均消费取向、消费支出分配模式。

prior corporate environmental reputation and subsequent corporate financial performance.

Hypothesis 3: Accounting-based measures are better indicators for financial performance when examining the CER-CFP link than stock market-based measures.

4. Methodology

In this section, I will present the methodology of examining the relation between corporate environmental reputation and financial performance based onUKevidence. As the data related to this research question is numerical data, the quantitative research method is selected. And it is impossible to collect the primary data required in this research within the limited time and resources, thus secondary data is used. In the following, details for how research is conducted will be presented.

4.1 Sample

I select a total of 163UKcompanies, excluding the firms with missing financial and control variables, which are listed in the Management Today survey ofBritain’s Most Admired Companies (MAC) in year 2006, to examine the relation between environmental reputation and financial performance. These British firms are from 38 different sectors, including Oil & Gas Producers; Travel & Leisure; Food Producers; Software & Computer Services; Banks and so on.

4.2 Corporate environmental reputation measure

As discussed in the literature review section, it is essential to select the suitable corporate environmental performance measure. This study selects the corporate reputation index published in the Management Today survey ofBritain’s Most Admired Companies (MAC) to assess corporate environmental reputation.

This reputation index contains the ratings of ‘Community and Environmental Responsibility’ of British companies from 1992 to 2006 (excepting year 1993). This survey selected a total of 239 British companies with the largest market capitalisation. As a result, it includes ‘all the FTSE100 British companies and, on average, 90% of the top 200 companies by market capitalisation’. (Salama, Anderson and Toms, 2011) And there are 38 sectors in total, including Oil & Gas Producers; Travel & Leisure; Food Producers; Software & Computer Services; Financial Service, covered in this survey.

Each year senior specialist business analysts and senior managers of 260 British companies mark the corporate environmental performance of the companies. Analysts and executives only make an appraisal on the companies in the sectors they conversant with, but excluding the one they work for. To ranking the reputation, these professionals are asked to get a score for nine issues, including ‘quality of management, financial soundness, quality of service/products, quality of marketing, ability to attract & retain top talent, long-term investment value, capacity to innovation, use of corporate assets, and community and environmental responsibility’ (Salama, Anderson and Toms, 2011), which all have impacts on major stakeholders. The marks are from 0 for poor to 10 for excellent. The final figures representing the CER is the average of the marks given by analysts and executives. (Salama, Anderson and Toms, 2011) Therefore, the CER ratings of this survey are range本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。