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在科技报告写作中 ,被动语态具有客观性以及不涉及认为因素,因此传递的信息真实可信。在商务写作中 ,被动态在某些情况下把责任从某个人身上转移开 ,因此避免了法律诉讼 ,这样的例子不计其数 ,通过商务信函中的被动态来传达不好的消息。使用被动语态,语气更加客观 ,同时也避免了对个人的人身指责。不过要使科技和商务写作在文体上自然高效 ,建议作者最好少用被动语态:“你应当限制动词的被动用法。一页一两个被动态不会影响文体风格 ,但是九个十个就会。 ( You need t o measureyour use of passive verbs . One or t wo passive verbsa page will not ruin your style, nine or tenwill .[ 2 ]) ” 就像 Menzel, Jones, and Boyd (1961)指出的:“ 被动语态增加了犯语法错误的可能性 ,其带来长串的介词短语 ,使语言累赘迂回 ,而且其鼓励内容含混不清。 ” [ 3 ] ( P131 - 135)下面的例子对科技英语中主动语态和被动语态的用法进行了比较:例 3:[ 4 ]1、I p r ocured a triangular glass p ris m, t o trytherewith the celebrated phenomena of col ors . Andfor that purpose, having darkened my laborat ory,and made a s mall hole in mywindow shade, t o let ina convenient quantity of the sun’ s light, I p laced myp ris m at the entrance, that the lightmight be there2by refracted t o the opposite wall . It was at first avery p leasing diversi on t o view the vivid and intensecol ors p r oduced thereby .2、 For the pur pose of investigating the celebrat2ed phenomena of chromatic refrangibility, a triangu2lar glass p ris m was p r ocured . After darkening the la2borat ory and making a s mall aperture in an other wiseopaque window covering in order t o ensure that theop ti mum quantity of visible electromagnetic radiati on(VER) would be admitted from s olar s ources, thep ris m was p laced in fr ont of the aperture for the pur2pose of reflecting the VER t o the wall on the oppo2site side of the r oom. It was found initially that duet o the vivid and intense col ors which were p r oducedby this experi mental apparatus, the overall effectwas aesthetically satisfact ory when viewed by theeye .上面例子中 2是一段复杂的实验描述 ,共三个句子但都是长句 (最长的有 60个单词 ) ,句中含有悬垂结构 (前两句下划线部分 )及被动语态。这种风格并不比上面 1更客观 ,但却因其复杂的句子结构和大量的单词使读者糊涂。尽管版本 1写于几百年前 ,但是描述非常清楚 ,有较强的可读性。而版本 2迂腐矫饰的文体特征不仅表现在选词上 ,而且表现刻意的使用被动语态上,因此“被动语态令读者难懂 ,是假谦虚的强调 ” 。 [ 5 ]
     四、 句子结构为达到简洁明了的文体效果 ,科技英语和商务英语写作中最好使用较短的句子 ,其中信息组合要求逻辑性强 ,以上例 1、 2、 3都表明这点。“ 长句让任何文件都很难读。在科技写作中 ,保持平均句子长度为 10到 20个单词。如果你是在写说明书 ,句子长度甚至可以控制在 10或11个单词。但是如果你的句子长度在 10个单词以下 ,那你就有可能过度使用这个技巧了。 ” [ 5 ]例 4 (商务信函写作的七个 C)1、I refer t o my letter of 13 th June and am writ2ing t o advise you that ifwe do not receive your com2p leted app licati on form within the next fourteendays, I shall have no alternative but t o arrange p rop2erty insurance on the bank本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。