英语论文网

摘要：This research aimed at how to manage the project costs effectively and what should be done for managing project costs at investment decision-making and design stage. As a lot of project were not completed at the original budget without an effective project costs management.

ment has four processes that are resource planning, cost estimating, cost budgeting and cost control. Obviously, there are four tasks of the project cost management that are collecting data, estimating cost, budgeting cost and controlling cost.
In the resource planning process, what physical resources and what quantities of each resource should be used to perform project activities are determined.
The cost estimating process is going to estimate an expected cost of project activities when the resource planning is ready, and the estimate of the costs of resources which are used to complete the project activities is developing as well. Furthermore, there are several types of tools available to be used to perform the actual estimating, and one or more type of them can be used for estimating cost. Those tools are bottom-up estimating, analogous estimating, parametric estimating, design-to-cost estimating and computer tools.
When the costs have been estimated for each work breakdown structure task, and all these are put together for an overall project cost, it is the time to move to the cost budgeting process to constructed a project budget or cost baseline.
Cost control process consists of efforts to track spending and ensure it stays within the limits of the cost baseline. And project cost manager need to manage the actual changes when they occur.
The phase of investment is the first phase of the whole project, a reasonable plan of investment ensures that the employer can achieve the profit. Investment decision-making is a choice and decided to invest in the course of the Program of Action is the need for the feasibility of proposed projects for technical and economic feasibility studies, building programs for different technical and economic comparison choices, decisions and decision-making process. Pre-investment projects are to determine the economic effects of a critical period, investment in the project investment decision-making phase of the project estimate is directly related to the trade-off, the owners of the cost control should be as soon as possible to participate in the detailed cost estimates, the project in detail is to understand the economic background, standards, such as taxes and fees. At this stage, a system of cost control should be gradually established. At the investment decision-making stage, an accurate budget of investment can be determined through collecting data, scientifically analyzing the data and estimating budget.
Construction design is going to conduct a comprehensive planning and specific intent to
Comment [TW4]: ? What are trying to say?
Comment [TW5]: This next page down to the literature review heading is a brief and very basic description of the process of cost management. It needs a section heading and some sense of purpose in this „background‟.

3
describe the process of implementation is the owners to carry out the main elements of cost control. Practice at home and abroad shows that the greatest impact on project cost is about the stage of the project cycle, a quarter of the total building design stage, especially in the preliminary design stage, the economic impact of the project, the construction design stage, the influence of 35% -75 %, and construction organizations through technical measures for the possibility of cost savings and only 5% -10%. Design can be seen as a direct impact on the qual本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。