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,Jim exhibits excellent qualitiesthat are scarce at that time.Jim’s most obvious characteristics are justice,thoughtfulness,honesty,openness,tolerance and most importantly,being superstitious.All these personal qualities are constant and not easy to be changed.As mentioned inthe previous section,the spiritual ecology is linked to the natural ecology and socialecology,so this chapter will analyze the constancy and the profound meaning of Jim’sspiritual ecology.

His behavior and beliefs are full of primitiveness.For example,he is verysuperstitious,believes in ghosts and gods,thinks that the stars are the children of themoon,and when he encounters misfortune,he thinks it is the rattlesnake that is playingtricks.He is familiar with nature and can estimate the width of an island,the speed ofthe current and the best place to hunt and fish and find food based on the drift of hisraft.He understands the effects of climate change on animals and knows that after theisland is flooded for a day or two,“these things(rabbits,long bugs,etc.)get prettygood because they’re hungry”(Twain 61).This is a reflection that Jim is experienced in surviving in the wild.Therefore,in the process of traveling and escaping,Jim isconsidered to be Huck’s mentor,and to a certain extent also plays the role of Huck’sspiritual“father”.

Conclusion

The growing ecological crisis is an undeniable fact worldwide.To a certain extent,the development of human society and the degradation of nature are occurringsimultaneously.There is only one planet on which human beings can live.Overpopulation,over-exploitation of resources and the growing pollution have broughtthe earth to the limit of its capacity.The worldwide ecological thinking andenvironmental movement is an effort to address the ecological crisis.Born in thebackground of the ecological crisis,ecocriticism has inevitably taken on a majormission.

Written in the mid-nineteenth century,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnexposes a series of ecological problems under Industrial Revolution.The study ofecological problems gradually spread from the destruction of nature to the destructionof the social ecology,mainly the distortion of human relationships and the impact ofmajor social events on humans and nature,and finally to the pollution of the spiritualecology.The division of the ecosystem into“natural ecology”,“social ecology”and“spiritual ecology”is a symbol of the integration of man,society and nature,asproposed by Lu Shuyuan in accordance with the trichotomy of the world.The analysisof ecocriticism based on these three aspects would be a comprehensive one.

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