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Literary geography is a new interdisciplinary theory integrating literature andgeography.The real geographical spaces are bestowed with literary connotations andassociations based on the writer’s aesthetic creation.In addition,Literary geography has along history in both China and the West.

2.1.1 Literary Geography Abroad

Western literary geography can be traced to the Greek period.The term“geography”was derived from the word“geographein”proposed by the ancient Greek scholarEratosthenes.From the very beginning,“geo”meant earth or land and“graphei”meantdescription,then the combination of the two words“geographein”came to refer to earth orthe depiction of the earth.During the same period,Homer’s Epic was regarded as thegenesis of western literary geography and the original literary work of descriptivegeography.

In the 18th century,the Italian historical philosopher Giovanni Battista Vico pointedout the concept of poetic geography and summarized the ancestors’poetic imaginationabout unknown territories.Afterwards,Montesquieu proposed the definition ofgeographical environmental determinism to describe the relationship between humanbeings and geography.He believed that different climates determined differenttemperaments and the inner emotions of human beings.

2.2 Mei Xinlin’s Theory on Literary Geography

Mei Xinlin is a contemporary Chinese literary critic and theorist.He compares thedevelopment of literary geography in China and the West by time order.By summarizingthe core ideas of some abroad authoritative critics in literary geography,such as GeoffreyMartin,Franco Moretti Sayid,Jameson,M.H.Abrams,David Harvey,and RaymondWilliams,Mei Xinlin systematically explores the definition of literary geography.

Moreover,he concludes the key points and research methods in literary geography study.Geoffrey Martin,the famous American geographer,proposes three key points ingeography:where it is,what it is like,and what it means in his monograph All PossibleWorlds--A History of Geographical Thought.“Where it is”means that the primaryconcern of literary geography is the regional orientation of literary works.“What it is like” focuses on the concrete shape of the geographical spaces.It is a bridge connecting theregional orientation and the spiritual spaces.Finally,“what it means”indicates that literarygeography aims to pursue the ultimate spiritual meaning.In Atlas of the European Novel,1800-1900,Franco Moretti points out that literary geography contains two differentaspects:the space in literature and the literature in space.In the first case,some fictionalterms are included,such as Paris in Balzac’s imagination,the colonial romances of Africa,and Austen’s reconstruction of England.The second aspect concerns about the realgeographical spaces,such as Victorian Great Britain’s local libraries and Don Quixote’sdissemination.The two spaces may occasionally overlap in some content but areessentially different.

Chapter 3 Territory Restoration of A Passage to India ............................. 13

3.1 The Interaction between Real Regions and Cultural Tradition ....... 13

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