汉语名物化动词的论元结构
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2017-02-22编辑:lgg点击率:4996
论文字数:37921论文编号:org201702221741214054语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:英语毕业论文汉语名物化动词论元结构
摘要:本文是英语毕业论文,本文受跨语言语料不足及理论深度所限,并未深入分析、描述名物化结构的句法生成过程,仅提供了大方向的思路。然而,本文的创建性在于首次系统地用句法、语义理论指导并分析了汉语名物化现象,为进一步分析提供了基础。
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Nominalization as a ubiquitous phenomenon
Nominalization as a syntactic process is found to exist in most human languages, if not all. However, under the seemingly simple terminology, there is no simple picture: nominalizations show enormous and perplexing variations both within certain languages and across languages. And nominals derived from verbs, together with the whole constructions to which the nominals serve as the head and their ambiguous trans-categorial status, have especially intrigued not a few linguists ever since Lees’ (1960) and Chomsky’s (1970). Literature on nominalization abounds. Take English, the most studied language as a case. Consider first the derived nominal per se: (1) zero affixation: attempt, worship, answer, report, etc. (2) affixations with -(a)tion and -ment: destruction, examination, payment, movement, etc. (3) affixation with -ing : possible with all verbs (4) affixation with -er/or and -ee: dancer, inventor, nominee, detainee, etc. At a superficial observation, nominalization in English employs four types of morphological forms to signal the change of categorial nature from verb to noun. Some nouns are morphologically identical to the related verbs, as shown by examples in (1). Yet, expression like John’s attempt to repair the car clearly shows that it is exactly like typical deverbal noun in that it has a subject in possessive form and takes an infinitival phrase that is controlled by the argument John. Moreover, within this type, the corresponding pairs are not necessarily homophonous. The verb record has its stress on the second syllable, while its nominal counterpart has the stress on the first, though the noun record de
notes the result or product of recording, rather than the process. The phonological process nonetheless signals the effect of nominalization.
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1.2 A problem of interest
Chinese as an analytic language, its nominalization constructions have unique characteristics. A few example are in order. Unlike those morphologically rich languages, Chinese is an inflection-impoverished language, with lexical items lacking inflectional endings altogether. And grammatical relations, like aspectual features or plurality, are expressed through some word markers, like le or men respectively, the behavior and status of which are more like those of a LI than a morpheme. (9b) is a typical nominalization construction in Chinese. At the first sight, the most conspicuous trait about (9b) is the deverbal noun per se, which is identical in form to its verbal counterpart in (9a). At the level of the head noun, it is therefore impossible to tell its categorial status by itself alone. In this case, we could only turn to look at other constituents in the construction and examine their relations wit
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