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ip  is  gradual  rather  than abrupt  (Coates,  1983:  13).  In  her  study,  she  uses  computer-files  and  discovered  the associations between semantic and syntactic categories. Palmer  (2001)  studies  the  mood  and  modality  and  his  work  is  very  influential since he draws on a wealth of examples from a variety of languages to investigate the category  of  modality  in  detail.  He  discusses  familiar  features  in  a  number  of  mainly European  languages,  and  also  looks  at  less  familiar  features  including  ‘evidential’ systems and the contrast of realis/irrealis, both to be found in unrelated languages. 
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Chapter   Three   Theoretical Foundation ............ 13 
3.1 An overview of the Appraisal Theory ....... 13 
3.2 Attitude ......... 14
3.3 Graduation.... 14 
3.4 Engagement........... 15 
3.4.1 Dialogic expansion........ 16 
3.4.2 Dialogic contraction ...... 18 
3.5 Modality from the perspective of the Appraisal Theory ...... 19 
3.6 Heteroglossia, dialogism and engagement ......... 21 
Chapter Four Results and Discussion ........... 23 
4.1 Data collection ...... 23 
4.2 Analysis of modal verbs in the two newspapers ......... 24 
4.3 Analysis of modal verbs meaning “probability” in  ........... 27
4.4 Analysis of modal verbs of “obligation/permission” in selected editorials .... 35 
4.4.1 Must ............ 36 
4.4.2 Should ......... 40 
Chapter Five Conclusion.... 43 
5.1 Major findings of the study ..... 43 
5.2 Limitations of the research and suggestions for future research ............ 45 

Chapter Four Results and Discussion 

In  Chapter  Three,  the  Appraisal  Theory,  particularly  the  Engagement  system,  has been introduced and illustrated with specific examples.  In the following sections, the findings and detailed analyses are presented. 

4.1 Data collection 

Before  we  get  to  the  next  sections,  it  is  necessary  here  to  introduce  the  data collection  and  methodology  adopted  in  this  thesis.  To  answer  the  three  questions proposed  in  Chapter  One,  data  are  selected  from  the  editorials  in  the  two  influential English newspapers: China Daily and The Washington Post. In order to make the data from  the  two  newspapers  as  comparable  as  possible,  80  editorials  (40  for  each)  on international  politics  are  selected  from  China  Daily  and  The  Washington  Post  from March  to  June  in  2014.  The  following  table  displays  the  general  information  of selected edito本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。