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sp;insufficient understanding of the culture or background of the target language, j.  the lack of a good mastery of grammar (Yin Shiyin, 2004) Besides,  because  of  the  insufficient  educational  resources  in  rural  junior  middle schools, traditional bottom-up reading model is still applied frequently. Normally great attention  is  drawn  to  grammar  translation  and  explaining  without  noticing  cultivating students’  ability  of  mastering  reading  skills  and  strategies.  Students  passively  absorb what they are told or taught, and lack of monitoring and adjusting to their own reading. Thus  it  leads  to  the  phenomena  of  superficial  understanding.  Obviously,  this  kind  of teaching  and  learning  model  cannot  match  the  requirement  and  development  of  times nowadays.  To  enhance  rural  junior  middle  school  students’  reading  competence  and help  them  catch  up  with  those  students  in  developed  areas,  it  is  quite  necessary  to introduce reading strategies. 
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Chapter Two  Literature Review  

2.1 Language Learning Strategies 
The  researches  on  learning  strategies  started  much  earlier  than  those  of  reading strategies  and  lay  a  solid  foundation  to  it.  Therefore,  in  order  to  understand  reading strategies more clearly, the theories of language learning strategies are talked about first.An agreement about the definition of learning strategies hasn’t been settled down for  different  researchers  study  learning  strategies  from  different  angles  and  with different focus until now. The following are some of the representative definitions: Learning  strategy  is  learners’  learning  behavior  and  thought  in  the  process  of learning, which intends to affect learner’s encoding process (Wallace, 1992). Learning  strategies  are  strategies  which  contribute  to  the  development  of  the language  system  which  the  learner  constructs  and  affect  learning  directly  (Cohen, 2000). Learning strategies are the skills, methods or purposive behaviors that can achieve the purpose of helping students in their learning, recalling information of language and content (O’Malley and Chamot, 1990). Learning  strategy  is  the  learners’  behavior,  which  gets  language  learning  more automatic, more directed and more interesting (Oxford, 1990).  
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2.2 Reading Strategies 
According to O’Malley and Chamot(1990), reading strategies are regarded as one of  the  language  learning  strategies  that  directly  facilitate  language  learning.  They  are usually 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。