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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2016-02-29编辑:zhaotianyun点击率:18784
论文字数:4796论文编号:org201602271539595125语种:英语 English地区:比利时价格:免费论文
摘要:摘要:这份报告的目的是讨论环境信息披露。环境信息披露是一种应对方法改变对公司的相关公众的看法如何组织流程或生产过程可能对自然环境的影响。
The voluntary criteria of ISO 14001: Environmental Management Standards represents an international consensus on what constitutes best practice about environmental management systems. ISO 14001 assists organizations to improve their performance and make a positive impact on business results. ISO 14001 accredited companies are obliged to develop their mission, targets, policies and procedures that continuously monitor the effects of their operations against the natural environment. However, the only common denominator in all countries appears to be the influence that market factors have over the adoption of environmental policies.
来自媒体的压力——Pressure from media
Media pressure has positive effects on environmental disclosure. Media coverage given to environmental fines from regulators is associated with increased levels of environmental disclosure (Nau, D., 1998). This finding indicates that, although annual reports communications are directed primarily to the financial stakeholder grouping, the concerns of the general public also influence disclosure levels. Organisations with a higher degree of media exposure tend to be more prone to pressure from social and political stakeholders. Evidence suggests that organisational visibility prompts firms to take leading roles in managing environmental impacts (Brammer, S., Pavelin, S., 2006).
电子和硬拷贝报告——Electronically vs. hard copy reporting
Nowadays, 28.7% of the world population has access to internet (IWS, 2010). Even this number is increasing in a yearly basis, not all customers have access to firms' web sites which are the official communication channel of the businesses. The implication is, therefore, those electronic versions of environmental disclosure are only available for those users who have access to the Internet. Thus, information on environmental matter may only be obtainable. However, hardcopy reporting does not fix the problem either. Hard copies would be available for a broader range of users, but the distribution becomes harder and expensive. Additionally, hard copies have a bigger environmental impact than electronic versions. Thus, a balanced mix should be the optimal strategy to communicate the environmental progress of firms. Legislations do not specify whether the environmental disclosure should be prepared electronically. Even though, electronic version is getting more presence across industries.
需求的保证——Demand of assurance
Assurance in environmental disclosure depends upon several factors. One of them, and probably the most influent, is the accounting standards. Accounting standards delimit the manner in which costs and, therefore, benefits are going to be allocated. Different accounting standards may produce different results.本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。