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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-09-18编辑:felicia点击率:10694
论文字数:4320论文编号:org201409170902503300语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:国际会计准则International Accounting Standards国际会计准则理事会International Accounting Standards BoardFinancial statements
摘要:如何写好一篇会计学留学作业?都需要注意哪些要素?步骤是什么呢?看看下面这篇文章吧,通过国际会计准则的分析,简要叙述了一篇留学essay的基本步要素,相信会使很多留学海外的学子豁然开朗。
There is a view that observes that a normative theory may be oriented as much for support as for explanation. Changes in guideline, actual or threatened, are therefore an important stimulant of demand for normative theories. For example, proposals to revise accounting standards for pension costs lead to demand for normative theories which support particular interests. Recourse to normative theory provides a more effective lobbying strategy than simple declarations of self-interest. Different theories are demanded by different vested interests. This demand for normative theories to support particular interests constitutes one side of what has been called the market for excuses. Given the demand which regulation creates for normative theories, where does the supply come from? Practitioners have an obvious incentive to supply theories which support the interests of their clients or employers.
Academics are also a source of normative theories; they have little direct incentive to meet the needs of vested interests, although by doing so they may increase their chances of enjoying industry research funding and other indirect benefits (such as being widely quoted, or greater ease of publication in professional journals).
These observations need not impugn the motives of either practitioners or academics: both may produce their theories purely for intellectual motives, with no regard for vested interests. However, the tendency of vested interests to quote theories which support their positions produces a survival bias: theories which are adopted by vested interests are more effectively disseminated than those which are not.
This theory does have other uses apart from providing the market for justifications. It helps to standardise practice, for a case in point by codifying pension endowment techniques. It also has a educational role, in that it smoothens the progress of the instruction of practice in a more logical manner. (For example, the syllabus content for the later professional examinations consists largely of normative theory.)
References
Guy Thomas & Andrew Smith; Positive theory,
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