摘要:本文是一篇研究Organisational Behavior的论文。把提高员工积极性的方法分为两类:财务和非财务激励法。结合情境领导理论,讨论管理者如何更好管理员工。
组织行为包括个体行为和群体行为。个体行为包括动机,群体行为包括领导和沟通。它们是组织中的重要技能。在这篇文章中将介绍提高积极性的两种方法,有财务动机和非财务动机。此外,会讨论情境领导理论。最后,详细介绍两种沟通的主要方式,这两种方式与动机和领导密切相关。
企业可以用两种方法激励员工,即财务和非财务激励方法。动机对于企业经营来说是必不可少的。从短期看缺乏动机将导致使员工不再像以往一样努力工作,违背对企业的承诺。(Hall, D et al, 2008)。动机可以被定义为员工想要将他们的工作做得更好的愿望。这里有一些传统的动机理论。例如,泰勒的科学管理提出了一个观点“报酬需要与一天的工作量相对等”,这是一种财务激励理论的方法。 另一个例子是赫茨伯格的双因素理论和马斯洛的需求层次,其中包括财务和非财务方法。事实上,财务方法确实对于积极性有很大的影响。与之类似,非财务方法在激励员工上也具有功能性的作用,而不像人们普遍认为那样,非财务方法的可行性不如财务方法。
首先,财务激励是有效的,因为财务的方法主要与钱有关,也可以解释为对员工的财务奖励。它满足了员工基本需求,这些需求包括对于工资和其它不同类型的报酬如绩效工资,利润分享等。泰勒的动机是激励理论的一个很好的例子,报酬需要与一天的工作量相对等。根据马斯洛的需求层次理论(Hall, D et al, 2008),金钱是一个基本的需求,对劳动力来说是生理需求的一部分。
Behavior Of Motivation Leadership And Communication Management essay
Organizational behavior includes individual behavior and group behavior. Individual behavior contains motivation, and group behavior includes leadership and communication. There are the important skills in organization. In this
essay, the two methods of motivation will be covered; there are financial motivation and non-financial motivation. In addition, the situational leadership theory will be discussed. Finally, two main types of communication would be shown with more significant details, which is still related to motivation and leadership.
Aiming at motivating workers, there have been two different kinds of motivation named financial motivation and non-financial motivation methods for companies to use. Motivation is necessary for companies' operations because a lack of motivation in the short run will result in the reduction of effort and disappearance of commitment (Hall, D et al, 2008). Motivation can be defined as a desire that employees have to do their jobs better. There are some conventional theories of motivation. For instance, Taylor's Scientific Management puts forward 'a fair day's pay for a fair day's work', which is one method of financial motivation theories. The other two examples are Herzberg's two-factor theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which include both financial and non-financial methods. In fact, financial methods indeed have significant impacts in motivation. Be similar to them, non-financial methods have functional results in motivating employees as well, not as people's general thoughts that non-financial is less practical.
Firstly, financial motivators are efficient because financial methods are major about money that can also be explained as financial rewards to employees, which can satisfy the basic needs of workers, such as salaries and wages, and different types of payment which involve performance related pay, profit sharing. The great example of financial methods for motivation is Taylor's theory, a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Hall, D et al, 2008), money is a fundamental need which belongs to physiological needs for workforce. In addition, Maslow (Hall, D et al, 2008) had divided the needs of staff into five parts, for example, the physiological needs mentioned before is the basis, and the highest level of needs is self-actualization. Figure 1 shows a model of Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
Figure 1:马斯洛的需求层次理论-Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Source: from Success Circuit (2009)
Furthermore, in research by Hays in 2006, 42% of employees surveyed said they preferred financial rewards, while 9% focused more on non-
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