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ve. Many examples of polysemous words are classified toindicate the process of pragmatic narrowing and pragmatic broadening, includingexamples of narrowing, approximation, metaphor and categorization.

　　1.4 A Brief Introduction to Lexical Pragmatics词汇语用学简介
　　Pragmatics is a rapidly developing branch of modem linguistics. In these years,the development of pragmatics has been especially highlighted for the combinationwith other branches of linguistics such as syntax, semantics and lexicology. Lexicalpragmatics is the combination of pragmatics and semantics and becomes a newlinguistic branch in foreign linguistic research developing very fast in recent years. Atthe end of twentieth century, German professor Blutner first proposed the term of“Lexical Pragmatics”. It combines word meaning with word use and it's also adynamic study of word meaning which integrates pragmatic mechanism, contextualknowledge and encyclopedic knowledge. Wilson defined the term as “this research isa rapidly developing branch of linguistics that investigates the processes by whichlinguistically-specified (‘literal，) word meanings are modified in use.”As a sub-branch of pragmatics, lexical pragmatics tries to deal with someproblems which can't be solved by the study of lexical semantics. Lexical semanticsis mainly to investigate the relations between words and the concepts they encode, butlexical pragmatics is to account for the fact that the concept communicated by use ofa word often differs from the concept encoded. Lexical pragmatics intends to make asystematic explanation of pragmatic issues concerning with the semantics underspecification of the lexicon and it's also an interdisplinary course which concernswith the pragmatics, semantics, lexicology and cognitive linguistics. There are manyexamples to be well-studied in the following chapters including narrowing,approximation, category extension, metaphorical extension and irony and so on.On the whole, lexical pragmatics is mainly to study language use and tries tohave a deep understanding on lexicon from the perspective of social pragmatics andcognitive pragmatics. Lexical pragmatics also focuses on the dynamic, flexible andcontext-dependent nature of lexical meaning and combines static factors withdynamic factors. Although it's a newly developed linguistic branch, as a new course,it still has some defects and problems. For example, the language materials arelimited and are only based on English, Spanish and German. There aren't enoughcomparisons with other languages. Especially it does not give a systematic definitionof the object and aim of the present research and does not make a wider range onrelative research.

　　
　　Chapter Two Literature Review.................................. 12-20
　　    2.1 Polysemy.................................. 12-14
　　    2.2 Previous Studies of Polysemy.................................. 14-20
　　Chapter Three Analysis of Pragmatic Enrichment ..................................20-34
　　    3.1 Pragmatic Enrichment ..................................20-21
　　    3.2 Pragmatic Narrowing.................................. 21-27
　　        3.2.1 Understanding on Pragmatic Narrowing.................................. 21-22
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