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括：反义关系、互补关系、局部— — 整体关系、搭配关系等。 (一)反义关系山西农业大学学报(社会科学版)第3卷第3期)2004年汇之问的反义关系能促进语篇的衔接以达到语义贯通的目的。请看下面这段引自肯尼迪就职演说中的反义词所产生的工整对仗、语气贯通的语篇效果： (5) United．there is little we can not do in a host of co— operative ventures、Divided，there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder． (Inaugural Address by John Kennedy) (二)互补关系互补关系由两个对立项构成，因此，对一个词项的否定意味着对另一个词项的肯定。反之亦然。例如： (6) Discrimination is undoubtedly practiced against zL'onle71 in the field of scientific research．W e don’ t find#len complaining that they are not being interviewed for positions that they are clearly qualified to fil1．(A Liberal Education by T．H． Huxley) 在上例中的衔接主要是通过互补词men和women的对照来实现的。 (三)局部—— 整体关系上下义关系侧重于命名上的内涵，而局部—— 整体关系则是侧重实体上的“内包”。如英语中的Body与arms， legs，feet，hands，hearts等构成局部——一整体关系。例如： (7)The day,was warm for April and the golden sunlight stream ed brilliantly into Scarlett’ s rOOn；f through the blue c urtains of t he wide windows． The cream — coloured walls glowed with light and the depths of the mahogany furniture gleamed deep red like wine，while 1he∥oor glistened as if it were glass， except w here the rag rugs covered it and they were spots of gay colour． (Gone witk the W ind by M ． Mitchel1) 在语篇(7) 中，windows，walls和floor都是room 的组成部分，与room一起构成局部一整体关系，使该房问的布局跃然呈现于读者眼前。 (四)组合搭配有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链(1exical chain) 一个词汇套的词语倾向于在同一语篇中搭配出现，具有较强的衔接力。例如： (8) Fhe first to be n rfected were the oil—tanker fleets． A s oil demand was cut back， charter rates plum meted， and the estuaries of the world became atriat， with the steadily increasing numbers of moth— ball tanke：rs． (Native Son by Richard W right) 上面几句话主要提及油轮首先受到经济萧条的影响，石油需求减少，油轮租价大跌，世界上的河口挤满了搁置不用的油轮。几个句子里的affected，cut hack，plummeted和 jammed形成词语配置，不仅使前后各句在意义上紧紧地联系在一起，而且产生了积极的文体效应。反义关系指语义可以分等的有程度差别的词类关系。参考文献 [1]黄国文．语篇分析概要rMq．长沙；湖南教育出版社，1988．18-40． [2]胡壮麟．语篇的衔接与连贯 M]． h海：上海外语教育出版社，t 994．115-128．r3]Halliday，M．A．K．＆ Hasan，R．Cohesion in English．London{Lo1)groan 1976．289—310