摘要:本文是一篇留学生的建筑业经济学论文,建筑业在香港经济中起着重要的作用。政府宣布在2009-2010年度财政预算中,计划斥资393亿港元的用于基础设施。根据政府统计部门公布的2009年经济背景及2010年前景展望,建筑业在2008年贡献了3.1%的GDP,行业员工分担了49422个劳动岗位。
the negotiation is to resolve the conflicts and disagreements. Thus, resolving the claims efficiently without further conflicts is one of functional outcomes of construction negotiations. Also, negotiation involves an exchange of something for something between parties. (Kennedy, 2004), the outcome of negotiation should at least be satisfactory enough to both parties (Guliver, 1979). Also, time is another important factor in construction claim negotiation, whether negotiation can be started promptly is a functional outcome.
Social psychological measures in negotiation focus on the process and outcomes of negotiation and based on three elements of social perception which are perceptions of the bargaining situation, perceptions of the other party and perceptions of self (Thompson, 1990).
The perceptions of the bargaining situation relates to the negotiators* feelings about the negotiation process and its outcome such as the norms, context, structure and scripts, communication and information sharing, and fairness or justice involved (Curhan, 2006). Also, Thompson (1990) stated that negotiators* judgments of the fairness of the procedures and outcomes of negotiation and their expectations is one examples of social perception in negotiation. Thus, conducting negotiation in a fair manner is another kind of positive negotiation performance. Since construction claim negotiation is an evidence-oriented process which information plays a critical role, adequate information gathered before negotiation and effective sharing of information from both parties during negotiation can be functional outcomes.
The perceptions of the other party are more general processes of person perception and impression formation applied to the negotiation opponents. That means what negotiators think of their opponents and their own relationships with those opponents (Curhan, 2006). The perceptions of the other party can be further classified as individual or dyadic. The individual perception of the other party includes ※the attributions that negotiators make about the opponents based on their behaviors such as their ethics, tactics, and strategies, and more general trait inferences such as expertise, cooperativeness, and friendliness.§ (Curhan, 2006). Also, one of routes to integrative settlement of negotiation is a cooperative motivational orientation (O*Connor and Arnold, 2001). Therefore, one of negotiation performance can be whether the opponent is friendly and cooperative during negotiating. Dyadic perception of the other party includes ※the attributions for development among negotiation opponents such as relationship, trust, respect, liking, and concern for the other party.§ (Curhan, 2006). Thompson (1990) reported that perception of the other party include negotiators* behaviorial intention such as their willingness to interact with the other party in the future. Besides, integrative bargaining, one of the economic outcome of negotiation, can foster harmonious relations between parties. (Thompson, 1990; Pruitt and Rubin, 1986). Therefore, the preservation of on-going relationship is another negotiation performance.
The perceptions of self means that negotiators judge their own traits, performance, and worth, using both their internal awareness of their motivations and values, as well as their observations of their own behavior as if from the outside (Curhan, 2006). The negotiation performance in the con
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