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1: Criteria and data selection 15

1 INTRODUCTION引言

This thesis is based on literature review and authors own experiences about female genital mutilation in her own community in Kenya.This study will describe Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya and alternative ways of encouraging abandonment of Female Genital mutilation in Kenya.

World Health Organization (WHO) 1997, defines Female genital mutilation as all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons

WHO (1997), stated that Female genital mutilation has been documented in 28 countries in Africa and in several countries in Asia and the Middle East. Some forms of the practice have also been reported from other countries, including among certain ethnic groups in Central and South America. There is also evidence of increasing numbers of girls and women living outside their place of origin, including in North America and Western Europe, who have undergone or may be at risk of undergoing female genital mutilation.

Female Genital Mutilation is decreasing in Kenya. It is also illegal. But still more than one third of the women are circumcised and in some ethnic groups almost each and every young woman is subjected to the cut. Some communities however have never had the tradition and within the biggest ethnic groups, Kikuyu and Kalenjin there is a struggle between modern and traditional ways (Karanja, 2003)

REFERENCES

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Hernlund Y, Shell-Duncan B., 2006. Are there "stages of change" in the practice of female genital cutting?: Qualitative research findings from Senegal and the Gambia. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2006; 10 [2]: 57-71.
Hernlund Y, Shell-Duncan B., 2007.Contingency, context, and change: Negotiating female genital cutting in The Gambia and Senegal. Africa Today 2007; 53(4): 43-57.
Karanja Njoroge Daniel, 2003. Female Genital Mutilation in Africa. Gender, Religion and pastoral care.pgs 35-38.
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