大众媒体的发展历史研究 [2]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2015-07-28编辑:Cinderella点击率:9045
论文字数:3650论文编号:org201507251851468296语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
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摘要:本文对大众媒体的出现、发展及其对人类沟通的影响进行了深入研究。
wide geographical areas. However, mass production of newspapers had a downfall. The increased rate of circulation led to deteriorate in feedback and interactivity from the readers, which made newspapers a one-way medium.
Newspapers first appeared in Europe in the mid-17th century. They evolved gradually from a similar type of publication called broadsheet - a single sheet of paper that responded to unusual events. Although newspapers of today and those in the past are quite similar in almost every aspect, newspapers and their content have changed over time. Newspapers in different communities often contain dissimilar contents. The future for newspaper industries seems to fade over time as people look to the Internet for news and young people turn away from papers, paid-for circulations are falling year after year. Papers are also losing their share of
advertising spending. Classified advertising is quickly moving online.
Inevitably, the newspaper industries which was once experienced explosive growth now faces cyclical trough as new technology such as the existence of e-book has rendered obsolete newspapers in their traditional format. Revenue has plummeted since fierce competition from internet media has squeezed older print publishers. The number of people reading newspapers and magazine has decreased over the years, and polls indicate that the public has more confidence in the accuracy of stories aired on television than in the papers. On the other hand, those who get their news from the print media are better informed.
On the bright side, reading newspapers has a lower impact on global warming than reading online. This is so because the impact from powering a computer itself outweighs the impact from creating newsprint. According to Torraspapel's Paper, 'Reading a newspaper generates lower impact on global warming than reading the news online for 30 minutes.' Most newspapers today focus on local coverage. There are only a few that cover national issues in depth, and whose editorials can influence national policy. How important the print media is to the individual is subject to debate, however.Â
Magazines, on the other hand, were known to exist since the 1700s in which it resembled books. Based on historical research, the first magazine ever produced was called 'The Gentleman's Magazine', released in January, 1731 by well-known writer of his prime, Edward Cave. The main idea of Edward was to compile a monthly issue of news and commentary on topics the public were interested in. The difference between magazines and newspapers is that magazine has a relaxed style of writing, while giving and sharing opinions in a magazine is encouraged. However, newspapers during that era were more fixed and straight-to-the-point, following strictly to collected data and
statistics.
Magazines from the past have a similar purpose to newspapers, criticizing organizations. For instance, Daniel Defoe's first English magazine, 'The Review' was published to criticize the Catholic Churches of England. The magazine was also released during the 1700s but published magazines then only lasted for a few months as publishers are geographically limited and the cost of magazine printing is very expensive. More than five decades after magazines were introduced, mass circulation was made possible. Magazines which was once only affordable by the buying elite, now available for the working clas
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