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· Decisions concerned with the aforementioned use of alternative sources in dependence with environmental commitments and existing energy infrastructure. In respect of the alternative concerning further oil dependency and coal exploration, environmental restrictions and constraints adopted by the EU countries within the Kyoto protocol framework tackles any long term thoughts of reliance on the specific energy sources. However in terms of a short term adjusting period to whatever the new reality might be the exploration of these sources is rather possible.

· Implementation of energy saving measures and policies in order to cut back on energy consumption and imported energy in order to counterbalance the crisis impact. Similar to the policy measures enacted in both after the crises of 1973 and 2000 (oil crisis and California market crisis respectively) by the USA and California (EIA, 1998; CEC, 2005b), a potential of 20% energy saving is said to be possible for the EU (EC, 2005).

· Investment on research and development concerned with energy technologies or cutting back of the corresponding and other funds in order to invest on short term, practicable solutions.

· Intensification of negotiations and lobbying in order to either compromise or impose one's will. Political pressures at any given level may be exerted by either side.

On the other side of the chain, being concerned with energy suppliers, the following cases may be considered.

* The energy supplier is considered to be Gazprom. In this case, depending on the level of satisfaction gained by the negotiations with the European countries, the Russians may continue to invest on the interdependency bond. Otherwise the examination of new markets, namely China may be considered (Tsakiris, 2007).

* An alternative natural gas supplier is considered. As previously seen, either the exploration of indigenous natural gas resources or the increase of LNG imports involves further establishment of already existing suppliers (e.g. Algeria) and producers (e.g Norway and Netherlands) that would be willing to take advantage of the crisis impacts by selling at higher prices.

* Alternative energy sources suppliers enter the market. Various lobbies may be taken into account, i.e. from the promotion of renewable energy sources to the revival of nuclear power.

Taking into consideration the potential combinations of energy users and energy suppliers, the above mentioned reactions may significantly vary. What may be supported however is that on a country level more measured responses and reactions are to be expected. Again emphasizing on the two parties' need for one another (i.e. Gazprom and European countries), a settlement concerned with resulting to a satisfactory price is thought to be finally established. Looking at previous market disorders expressed on the basis of supply cuts by the Russians, a decisive cut back on natural gas imports was never practiced by the Europeans. Overall, although short term drops were encountered (meaning higher prices), the supply of natural gas towards Europe is actuall本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。