摘要:本文是留学生Literature Review范文,主要内容是针对政府在产业发展中的作用这一研究问题,通过对相关文献进行总结分析,并且提出作者自己的研究观点。
关于政府在产业发展中的作用Literature Review范文
Literature Review Of Governmental Role In Industry Development
Porter明确了政府在一个国家工业发展中的作用。他指出,政府政策极大地影响了一个行业作为政府政策的表现,以及负面影响一个行业经营的环境。
Porter解释了政府在一个行业发展的不同阶段的不同作用。
在早期阶段,政府应发挥直接作用,提供补贴、资金、创造基础设施和技术。随着工业的发展,企业本身也变得独立。政府在这个阶段的作用应该是间接的,通过推动企业创新和升级,政府的作用应该由演员转变为推动者。
Porter建议政府应利用集群的资金用于就业的原则。它应该确定哪个国家具有竞争优势的。随着研究、基础设施和教育的发展,努力提升这些产业的优势。
Porter (1990) has defined the role of government in the development of industry in a country. He states that government policy greatly affects the performance an industry as government policies positively as well as negatively affects the environment in which an industry operates. Porter explains the varying role of government in different stages of an industry's development.
In the early stage, government should play a direct role providing subsidies, capital, creating infrastructure and technology. As industry develops, the firms by themselves become independent. The role of government at this stage should be indirect by pushing the firms to innovate and upgrade and role of government should shift from actor to facilitator.
Porter recommends that government should use the principle of clustering for employment of funds. It should identify industries in which country has competitive advantage. The government. should try to upgrade the advantages in these industries along with development in research, infrastructure and education over these clusters.
Kuotsai Tom Liou (1998) studies the role of government in economic development of Chinese industry. He explains that government of every country has following roles to perform i.e. the government should be
Promoter of growth.
Manager of economy.
Distributor of income.
Regulator of industry.
Protector of citizens & business.
As a regular of industry, the government. can regulate industry in two ways:-
Through laws such as antitrust regulation.
(b) Through Social regulation, where government control pollution through its environment protection activities.
Boekholt and Thuriaux (1999) states that policy designed for the cluster development should have some specific features: focus on local system rather than individual firms; it should aim in promotion of SMEs than the large firms; promote social capital as an important factor; should rely on internal strengths; policies should encourage trust based relationships to have flow of information between cluster actors.
Porter (2000) suggested the role of government in the development of clusters. Based on diamond model suggested that a government should locate related departments around clusters, provide export promotion measures and decrease barriers to local competition, attract foreign investment, provide research and development facilities and enhance infrastructure, provide testing facilities, create supporting industries, attract cluster specific suppliers and service providers and set up free trade zones, industrial parks or suppliers parks.
Christian H.M. Ketels (2003) explains the role of government in the development of cluster. The government has responsibility for provision of infrastructure required by the firms located in the cluster. The government should design rules and regulatio
本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。