Teaching Strategies of Oral Class Interaction [9]
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关键词:Teaching StrategiesOral Class InteractionA Survey Study on VariouscommunicationMethod
he way one tells a story differs from that he tells a joke.
The rules for talking to somebody at funeral are different from those for talking to
someone at wedding. One has to modify his language when talking to someone of higher
or lower status. Such rules, both linguistic and social, together determine how a language
is used in any social context. Just as Hudson (qtd in Li Li&Chen Zhi'an, 1997: 145) said,
"People with different sociolinguistic backgrounds will be led to conduct correspondingly
different model relevant to language and society" (1978: 13). This phenomenon suggests
that situational differences exist in the use of language and language use is determined by
the situation in which it is used. According to Wallwork (qtd in Li Li&Chen Zhi'an, 1997:
146), a situation consists of two levels. One is concerned with physical, relatively easily
identifiable factors. Firstly, it is associated with who the speaker and listener are and what
the relations吻between them is. Secondly, it involves where the language happens.
Thirdly, the topic affects the language, too. The other level of situation is more abstract. It
involves the effect that the speaker wishes to make on the audience, that is, to impress,
inform, flatter, condescend, threaten the listener and so on. This is much similar to Hymes'
(1972) knowing what it is appropriate to do, where and when, and how it is appropriate to.
do. Thus communicative context is fatal in language teaching. Helping students to observe
different language norms in different context is one of the teacher's most important
responsibilities.
2.3.4 Intercultural Communication
Intercultural communication refers to the communicative behavior of people from
different cultures. Porter and Samovar say that intercultural communication occurs when a
Chapter 7ivo The Objectives of Zanguage Teaching in Oral Class
message sender is a member of one culture and a message receiver is of another (1972). A
major area of intercultural communication lies in the belief and value systems and
worldviews, which are the source of many of the apparent cultural differences. In verbal
communication, the cultural differences may be found on a phonemic, lexical, syntactic拟
and discoursal level. The purpose to study intercultural comanunication is to help increase
learners' cross-cultural awareness so that few problems arise in the interaction with people
of another culture. "Whatever the specific objectives of L2 teaching may be, one of its
fundamental goals must be to impart an ability to comprehend fully and with satisfaction
what the target community means in speaking and writing" (Loveday, 1982: 53).
2.3.5 Techniques for Training Students' Cultural Awareness
Culture plays a significant part in communication, it is therefore necessary for
teachers to train students' cultural awareness in language teaching. The following ways
might be helpful.!
1. Comparison method. The teacher begins each discussion period with a presentation
of one or more items in the target culture that are distinctly different from the students'
culture. The discussion then centers on why these differences might cause problems.
2. Newspapers. Many aspects of culture that are not usually found in a textbook are
present in the newspaper. The teacher asks students to compare a certain item in the
foreign newspaper with its equivalent in their newspapers. Good cultural insights can
readily be found in he
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