Teaching Strategies of Oral Class Interaction [14]
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关键词:Teaching StrategiesOral Class InteractionA Survey Study on VariouscommunicationMethod
e," it intends to express that teachers should make effort to create
communicative activities for learners to practice using language so as to grasp it. Second,
"give the learners frequent opportunities to interact each other and with the teacher"
suggests that the teacher should focus on learner-centered method in class to create a
communicative and productive setting for learners. Third, to interact "in `natural'
situation" reminds the teacher of the importance of cultural and pragmatic language use in
various situations. These three points are fatally si娜ficant in oral class teaching. Aiming
at these three objectives in oral class will no doubt lead to cultivating competent language
learners.
Just as what Littlewood (1981:1) states, "One of the most characteristic features of
communicative language teaching is that it pays systematic attention to functional as well
as structural aspects of language." Howatt proposes a "strong" and "weak" version of
communicative language teaching. Strong version advances the claim that "language is
acquired through communication, so that it is not merely a question of activating an
existing but inert knowledge of the language, but of stimulating the development of the
language system itself." It entails "using English to learn it." The weak version "stresses
the importance of providing learners with opportunities to use English for communicative
purposes and, characteristically, attempts to integrate such activities into a wider program
of language teaching." It refers to "learning to, use English" (in Richards&Rodgers, 1986:
66). In oral class, both the strong version and weak version can be adopted and applied to
train learners' communicative competence.
Teaching Strategies of oral Class Interaction
3.2.1 Fluency and Accuracy
The problem of fluency and accuracy has been discussed over and again in language
teaching, since English teaching in China has long been influenced by the traditional
method. Grammar-Translation Method and Audiolingual Methods both emphasize the
accuracy of language form. They think once bad (or incorrect) language habit is formed, it
is hard to correct. From the perspective of psychology,伽se .in favor of communicative
approach think that emphasis on accuracy will prevent students from learning English
actively. They think error is unavoidable, fluency should be over accuracy. "Errors of form
are tolerated and are seen as natural outcome of the development of communicative skills"
(Larsen-Freeman, 19$6: 135). As far as the students' oral proficiency is concerned, in oral
class, effective and successful communication is sought with fluency and acceptable
language as the primary goal while accuracy is judged not in abstract but in context,
situations is the basic premise of activities. "Teachers should accept that learners will
make errors when speaking freely. If teachers want learners to be willing to experiment
with spoken language, they should not interrupt them to correct their errors., If teachers do
constantly correct learners' errors while they are speaking, the teachers are likely to create
anxiety. Such anxiety is likely to lead to more rather than fewer errors." (Wedel&Liu
Runqing, 1995: 122), Surely, this does not mean that teachers should entirely ignore the
errors made by students. While students are using the language, teachers should listen to
the errors they made and note down any made by a nur}.ber of studen
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