Teaching Strategies of Oral Class Interaction [13]
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关键词:Teaching StrategiesOral Class InteractionA Survey Study on VariouscommunicationMethod
describe communicative competence. There
are: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence and
strategic competence.
3.1.1 Grammatical Competence
Grammatical competence reflects the mastery of the language code. It includes the
features and rules of the language such as vocabulary, word formation, sentence formation,
pronunciation, spell吨and linguistic semantics. Such competence focuses directly on the
knowledge and skill required to understand and express accurately the literal meaning of
utterances. This is equal to what Chomsky calls.linguistic competence and what Hymes'
intends by what is "formally possible". Grammatical competence is an important concern
for many second or foreign language teaching.’
3.1.2 Sociolinguistic Competence
Sociolinguistic competence refers to "the extent to which utterances are produced and
understood appropriately in different sociolinguistic contexts depending on contextual
factors such as status of participants, purpose of the interaction, and norms or conversion
of interaction" (Canale, 1983). Simply, it relates to ,the ability to use language
appropriately in appropriate social context.却propriateness covers both appropriateness
of meaning and appropriateness of form. Appropriateness of meaning concerns the context
to which particular communicative functions, attitudes and ideas are judged to be proper
in a given situation. Appropriateness of form concerns to the extent to which a given
meaning is represented in a verbal and non-verbal form that is proper in a given
socialinguistic context. This idea is close to Hymes' term "appropriateness". To the
students of English majors at the foundation stage. Therefore, appropriateness is vitally
important in communication. This makes the teaching of culture and pragmatic language
use significant.
3.1.3 Discourse Competence
Discourse competence refers to the "mastery of how to combine grammatical forms
and meanings to achieve a unified spoken or written text in different genres" (Canale,
1983: 9). It deals with individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness
and with how meaning is represented in relationship to the entire text.
3.1.4 Strategic Competence
Strategic competence refers to the "mastery of verbal and non-verbal communication
strategies that may be called into action" (Canale, 1983: 1 Q). It is the coping
strategy that
the speakers employ to initiate, terminate, maintain, repair and redirect communication. It
is a useful media to
sate the deficiency of other competence and enhance the
of communication.
3.2 Some Features of Communicative Approach
Communicative Approach, which is also called Communicative Language Teaching,
comes into being based on the theory that "language is communication" and Hymes'
theory of communicative competence. It focuses on training learners' ability to use
language and developing procedures for the teaching of the four skills that acknowledge
the interdependence of language and communication. Cunningsworth (1984: 83) defines it
as "approaches to teach English as a foreign language which stress the importance of
learning through using the language and which give the learners frequent opportunities to
interact with each other and with the teacher in `natural' situation". In this definition, three
key points need to be given special attention. First, "the importance of learning through
using the languag
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