follows:
Telegraph and Postal Department was established in 1947.
Telephone and Telegraph Department was established in 1962.
Pakistan Telecom Corporation was established in 1990-1991.
PTCL was listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange in 1996.
Internet and mobile subsidiaries was established in 1998.
Policies of Telecom sectors were finalized in 2000.
Deregulation policy of Telecom sector was announced in 2003.
Objectives of Research
This research study aims to examine the effect of firm's privatization on the performance of the Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL). The objectives of the study are as follows:
To evaluate impact of privatization on the financial performance of PTCL.
To understand whether privatization how much privatization is effective
To help policy makers and other authoritative bodies regarding decision making about privatization.
Literature Review 文献综述
Memon (2007) argue that privatization and the preparations for privatization are very important to minimize the social costs and dislocations caused by such initiative. Most South Asian countries have come to realize that privatization for the purpose of reducing fiscal deficits has caused them to off-load those enterprises which are loss making first. Such action has not inspired private sector confidence, and has resulted in large-scale worker retrenchment. Privatization is the key factor that enables markets to work properly and appropriately. According to Megginson & Netter (2006) from last two decades most countries of the world shifted their firms from state ownership to privatization. In 1999 the revenue of privatization firms was $ 1 trillion around the globe.
Given the importance of the subject, a lot of studies have been performed to analyze the impact of privatization in a number of countries. Taghizadeh (2009) compared 12 privatized telecom corporations with 12 non-privatized (governmental) ones regarding their per capita cost of operating, per capita cost to fix damages and per capita wage and costs of labor maintenance and conclude that the costs were lower in privatized centers regarding all three above mentioned domains. A recent study (Farinos et al., 2007) while investigating the companies privatized in Spain through the years 1990-2001 argue that privatization has had a great impact on efficiency, sale income and employment. Warzynski (2003) in his study of 300 Ukrainian firms finds that competition does not have a significant effect on firm performance measured by productivity and profitability while privatization has a marginal positive significant effect on profitability and an insignificant effect on productivity. He points out; however, that competition and privatization might be complementary measures, as he finds that competition increases the performance of privatized firms. Boubakri et al. (2005) study the post privatization corporate governance of firms and show that performance gains are associated with the type of dominant owners. Choi and Hassan (2011) argue that Privatized banks, on average, perform better than established banks, whereas this is not true where we do not consider country differences across privatizations. They conclude that although governance and foreign ownership are significantly correlated with decreased
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