人力资源管理与风险管理
HRM and Risk Management
人力资源是任何组织的重要资产,没有它,任何组织都不可能存在.。人力资源不仅是一个生产要素,而且是所有生产要素。
Human Resource (HR) is an important asset to any organization and no organization can exist without it. HR is not only a factor of production, but also a pivotal point around which all the factors of production revolve.
Human Resources: The Metamorphosis 人力资源:变化过程
在其原始的形式,在工业革命前,甚至工业革命时期,劳动被视为商品,促进雇主购买或出售,雇用和火灾。随后,它被认为是生产的四个因素之一,即土地,劳动力,资本和组织,从而失去了人情味。然而,后来,人们意识到,员工有感情,感情,权利,关注,心理和行为方面,因此,他们需要区别对待剩余的生产要素(土地,资本和组织)。这铺平了道路,出现人员管理的概念(PM)。然而,PM是一组定义好的规则和条例,局限于行政人力。
In its primitive form, in the pre-industrial and even the industrial revolution period, labour was treated like a commodity, facilitating employers to buy or sell and hire and fire. Subsequently, it was dealt as one of the four factors of production, Viz., land, labour, capital and organization, thereby missing the human touch. However, much later, it was realised that employees have sentiments, feelings, rights, concerns, psychological and behavioural aspects, and hence they need to be treated differently from the remaining factors of production (land, capital and organization). This paved the way to emergence of the concept of personnel management (PM). However, PM was evolved with a set of well defined rules and regulations confining itself to administrating manpower.
With developmental aspects of manpower gaining importance, emphasis on developmental aspects combined with humanitarian approach resulted in human resource management (HRM) and human resource development (HRD).
Like in the management of other factors of production, management of human capital too has its own risk profile attached to it.
Risk: Historical Perspective 风险:历史的视角
Risk and uncertainty have existed before it was documented, theories evolved and models for its prediction designed- in fact Risk and uncertainty have been ever present from the time life evolved. Risk management of a sort was in vogue even in the cave man stage through conservation of resources (water and food) and designing mechanisms to protect themselves from wild animals. Along with other inventions mankind, over the centuries, could recognise the prevalence of risk in their activities, leading to evolving of theories, and efforts to measure it through various models either to mitigate or eliminate risk.
It was in the first quarter of the twentieth Century that Frank H. Knight (1921) postulated for the first time a robust framework of risk, uncertainty and profit in economic literature. Subsequently, in many fields like business management financial investment, etc., risk analysis and management was ushered.
Risk: Definition and Anatomy 风险:定义和解剖
Risk is the presence of uncertainty of results regarding present actions. Risk arises due to occurrence of chance events, incubating and culminating in the changing dynamics of the environment. Rowe (1977) aptly stated that 'Uncertainty exists in the absence of past, present or future events, values or conditions.' Though, there exist various degrees of uncertainty, the basis for uncertainty is absence of information about a system under consideration. Also, Rowe (1977) in a nutshell referred to risk as 'the potential for the realisation of unwanted, negative consequences of an event.' Emphasizing the negative consequences
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