论《女勇士》中的女性主义 [4]
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关键词:《女勇士》女性主义On the feminismThe Woman WarriorMaxine Hong Kingston
摘要:Kingston represents those women who are at the “double marginality”(常芳,郭海霞,2001:3) of racism and patriarchy. She is a woman and she is not a white in America. It is bound for her to suffer the racial and sex prejudice. The oriental woman is always a myth to the west, and her image is created as somehow called “little eastern woman”.
er land. It is a fitting conclusion to a text in which Kingston combines very different worlds and cultures and creates a harmony of her own.
II. A Brief Introduction of Feminism
What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. Feminists can be anyone in the population, men, women, girls or boys. Feminism can also be described as a movement. A revolution that includes women and men who wish the world to be equal without boundaries. These boundaries or blockades are better known as discrimination and biases against gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status and economic status. Everyone views the world with his or her own sense of gender and equality. Feminists view the world as being unequal. They wish to see the gender gap and the idea that men are superior to women decreased or even abolished.
2.1 The Origin of Feminism
According to the New Encyclopedia Britannica, “feminism”, also called “feminist movement” or “women’s liberation movement”, refers to the social movement the seeks equal rights for women, giving them equal status with men and freedom to decide their own careers and life patterns. It tries to undermine the patriarchal and hierarchical system in which men are regarded as “active”, “dominating”, “rational” and woman as “passive”, “submissive” and “emotional”. Women had long been regarded as inferior to men physically and intellectually. Concern for women’s rights can be traced back to the humanism of the 18th century and the Industrial Revolution. The first great feminist document was Mary Woostonecraft’s A Vindication of the Fights of Women(1972), which challenged the idea the women exist only to please men and proposed that same moral standards with men’s. During that period, a large number of talented women writers, women scholars, and activists of feminist campaigns joined hands in opposing the patriarchal society that tended to denigrate and oppress them. They not only encouraged women to change their traditional roles only as daughter, wife and mother, but also wrote a great number of works exploring the puzzlement, the contradiction, and the collapse of marriage. They were eager to get rid of the shadow of patriarchal society, express their own hear felt wish, fight the concepts of women given by the patriarchal sociey, and explain women again with new concepts. Therefore, novels became the best formation of pouring out their emotion and thinking. These novels always had common themes—disppointment with men and revolt against the patriarchal society.
2.2 Development
Historically, thinking about gender happens in cultures where gender configurations—the social meaning systems that encode sexual difference—undergo changes or shifts. The same is true with thinking about race (that race as a construct becomes apparent when ideas of race are shifting) or economics, or politics, etc: all of these concepts are reevaluated when social practice (i.e. what people do) shifts. So gender, or masculine and feminine qualities, or male/female social roles, comes up as area for analysis whenever gender roles are shifting. We can trace this back to medieval times (Chaucer’s Wife of Bath is certainly an example of questioning gender configurations—note too that questions of gender r
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