《老人与海》所体现的海明威的人生哲学
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关键词:《老人与海》海明威人生哲学Hemingway’s Life PhilosophyThe Old Man and the Sea
摘要:The Old Man and the Sea is a song of praise about human sprit. Though the description of the sufferings Santiago endures and his courageous behavior in his fights with the marlin and the Sharks. Hemingway intends to tell us his philosophy of life: Though life is a lonely battle, it is a struggle that man should fight on with courageous and endurance.
Introduction
Ernest Hemingway was a famous American writer in the twenty century. His life was active and adventurous, but it was full of pains. He took part in two World Wars. In the World War I, Hemingway received a serious wound both in his body and in his mind. He was disappointed with the world and pessimistic about the fate of man. Then he began his literary career and wrote many works. The Old Man and the Sea was his representative work which won the Nobel Prize in 1954.
Hemingway is so famous all over the world that he evokes international critical attention. Among these critics, Carlos Baker, professor of the literature at Princeton University, is the authoritative person who makes a thorough study of Hemingway and his novels. In 1952, he published a book Hemingway: The Writer as Artist From 1961 to 1968, he spent eight years writing the book Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story (1969). Another critic Phlip Young published Ernest Hemingway: A Reconsideration in 1966. He created an exemplification of psychology analyze named “wound theory”. In this book, Phlip Young considered that Hemingway’s motivation of life and art come from the wound what Hemingway got in World War I .He analyzed that Hemingway’s “code man”(also means “grace under press”) was controlled by honor and courage. Delbert E. Wylder in Hemingway’s Heros said that the last novel during Hemingway’s life time was The Old Man and the Sea, a work which Hemingway would identify as a new form. The protagonist of the novel brings to full circle Hemingway’ s use of the mythical hero, for Santiago is again a hero with a different face (In China, Dong Hengzhuan considered that the image, “Code Man” reflects strength of will and endurance. Also he pointed that “Code Man”). His life by examining the novel The Old Man and the Sea. Therefore, this
thesis will discuss Hemingway’s
Philosophy of life reflected by this novel. By making this study, we will get a better understanding of Hemingway.
The thesis is divided into three parts. Part 1, will introduce the background information of Hemingway’s philosophy of life on the novel; Part 2 is going to discuss how Hemingway’s life philosophy is reflected in the “Code Man”; Part 3 intends to express Hemingway’s philosophy of life by symbols.
I. Background Information of Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life
The background information is important to study Hemingway’s philosophy of life as it influences his attitudes towards life greatly. In this part I will introduce it from two aspects: 1) the social effect on Hemingway’s life experience. 2) influence of Hemingway’s life experience on the novel.
1.1 The Social Background
The United States changed a lot in almost every field, after World War I .We can see changes in American politics, economy and culture. At the same time, with the development of American capitalism, America was becoming the world’s industrial power. Besides, there was an economic boom, which produced a sense of optimism and the growth of big interest groups pushed America to monopoly imperialism. Various kinds of social problems emerged: poverty, class struggle, etc. People began to have new ideas about man, society and man’s place in the world.
Especially in the twentieth century, a series of wars broke out. They saw devastation, blood and death. All of these sufferings affect people’s attitude to l
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