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is:(1) Is the new listening teaching model based on frame theory more effective thanthe traditional teaching approach?(2) Does the new listening teaching model help to reduce students’ anxiety?

1.3 Research significance
The significance of the present study is two-fold. Firstly, by introducing frametheory, this study may provide some contributions to the teaching effectiveness oflistening class. The proposed teaching model can facilitate listening comprehensionduring the listening process. For one thing, it attaches great importance on pre-listeningactivities which aims to activate the frames in listeners’ mind. In the traditionalapproach, teachers just play tapes and check answers without giving any opportunityfor students to discuss what they’ve known about the topic. However, based on theframe theory, the new teaching model emphasizes the role of frame knowledge forlistening. Secondly, the solutions to the problem may be a contribution to foreignlanguage teaching theory. In this study, the listeners find it easier to figure out the“implicit meaning” of the speaker, for the activated frame contains all the relevant frame elements. The study explores the nature of listening comprehension from thecognitive perspective. The pedagogical implications may prove to be enrichment forlistening teaching theory.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Listening and its comprehension
The definition of listening and listening comprehension has gone substantial changein recent years. It was once considered as a receptive and passive learning process,listening comprehension is now considered as an active, complex skill that involvesmany processes, and as an auxiliary skill to writing and speaking (Krashen, 2002).From a current perspective, listening and listening comprehension are essentially thesame thing, emphasizing accessing meaning through listening and focusing on themessage rather than on form.With progress of research on listening, scholars found that listening requireslistener’s automatic process. When second-language learners learn some new elementof a language, at first they have to pay conscious attention and think about it; that takestime, and their use of it is slow. But as the new element becomes more familiar, theyprocess it faster, with less thought, until eventually the processing of that elementbecomes completely automatic.Later, scholars found that listening was affected by not only linguistic knowledgebut also non-linguistic knowledge such as world knowledge, culture and so on.Vandergrift’s definition sets a perfect example to describe this feature of listeningcomprehension: Listening comprehension is a complex, active process in which thelistener must discriminate between sounds, understand vocabulary and structures,interpret it within the immediate as well as the larger social-cultural context of theutterance (Vandergrift, 1999: 168).

Chapter Three Frame Theory........... 19-30
    3.1 A brief introduction to Cognitive Linguistics........... 19-20
    3.2 Definition of frame ...........20-21
    3.3 Frame and encyclopedic view........... 21-23
    3.4 Frame Description........... 23-24
    3.5 Features of frame ...........24-27
    3.6 Frame and culture........... 27-30
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