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lative. In this thesis, the name of “ambivalent words” is used to express thisphenomenon.Hegel once prided that the vitality of German is that the words can contain a pairof opposite meanings within the same word form. In fact, ambivalent words is notunique for one langue, it exists in many languages all over the world. The ambivalentwords exist in Dutch, Siberian language. Greek language，Russian, Japanese and so on.Therefore, we can draw a conclusion thai ambivalent word is a special linguisticphenomenon in most language. In this paper, we mainly study the ambivalent wordsin English.

1.2 Objectives of the study
There have great achievements been made on ambivalent words in terms of theirproduction and classification, but there is still some room left for future research. As aspecial subcategory of polysemous words and antonymic words，ambivalent wordshave the feature of forming two opposing meanings within one linguistic form.Although ambivalent words are very flexible, they seldom cause confusion whenpeople understand them.This thesis focuses on the ambivalent words in English and explains themotivation and mechanism for the ambivalent words in the framework of cognitivelinguistics. There are two cognitive mechanisms to motivate ambivalent words thatmetaphorical mechanism and metonymic mechanism. The thesis is intended to answer three questions such as (1) What are the classifications of ambivalent words? (2) Howdoes metaphoric mechanism motivate ambivalent words? (3) How does melonymicmechanism motivate ambivalent words?

Chapter Two Literature Review

Ambivalent words, which polysemic words with two opposite meanings in thesame word form. Researchers at home and abroad pay attention to the ambivalentwords long time ago. In this chapter，it will review the previous studies on ambivalentwords.

2.1 Foreign researches on ambivalent words
In English, ambivalent words also called “auto-antonym”，“antantonym”，“contronym’，(sometimes misspelled as “contrannym”)，refer to words with the naturethat have the opposite meanings in the same word. Other names of ambivalent wordsinclude antagonym, Janus words and self-antonym.Antantonym was invented by Joseph T. Shipley in 1960. and in 1962, JackHerring put forward the conception of “Contronym”. In 1987，David Morice proposedanother related term "pseudocontronym". “Ambivalent words” in this thesis, wasproposed by Wang Yin (2005). Another article about ambivalent words is written byPhilologos, which lists many examples of “curious contronym” to show thephenomena of ambivalence instantiated in word forms and tell us that although theambivalent words are vey flexible, they seldom cause confusion. This is because theambivalent words are generally unambiguous in their grammatical or semanticcontext (Hopper & Traugott，2005)The foreign researches on ambivalent words mainly focus on two perspectives:diachronic perspective and synchronic perspective.

Chapter Three Theoretical Backgrounds .........17-24
    3.1 Main concerns of cognitive linguistics......... 17
    3.2 Metaphor and ambivalent words......... 17-19
        3.2.1 Metaphorical mechais......... 18-19
        3.2.2 Image schemas of metaphor......... 19
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