英语论文网

so early. 我还没起床他就来了。我没料到他会来得这么早。②Hurry up , or (else) you’ ll be late. 快点 ,否则你要迟到了。[or (else) = if not ,意为 “否则” 。 ]③I should come in but that it is impossible.要不是不可能的话 ,我就应该进来的。( but that= except that ,意为 “若非” 。 )
   71含有anything but 代词短语的句子可表示否定意义:I will do anything but that . ( = I will neverdo that . ) 我决不干那件事。
   二、含有 It goes without saying. . . , muchless , let / leave. . . alone , other than , rather than ,more than , bet ter than , would sooner than. . . ,prevent . . . f rom. . . , protect . . . against / f rom. . . ,prefer. . . to. . .等固定搭配或习惯用法的句子可表示否定意义:①It goes without saying that we should do it ;it’ s our duty. 没有说的,这是我们应该尽的责任。( It goes without saying = Needless to say ,意为“不用说” 。 )②I didn’ t even see him , much less speak tohim. 我见也没见到他 ,更谈不上和他说话了。(much less = and even less so ( to) ,意为 “更不用说”, “更何况” 。 )③I borrowed some books other than novels.我借了几本书 ,都不是小说。(other than = not ,意为 “非” 。 )
   三、虚拟语气表示否定意义
   1. if 或省略if 的虚拟条件句与事实相反 ,表示否定意义:①I f Iwww.51lunwen.org were you , I would go there.我要是你 ,我就去那儿。(事实上我不是你 ,我也不可能去那儿。 )②Had he had time yesterday , he would havecome and joined us in the discussion. 假若他昨天有时间 ,他就来参加我们的讨论了。(事实上他昨天没有时间 ,所以没参加我们的讨论。 )③I f I could repair the TV set , I should beglad to help you. 假使我会修电视机的话 ,我会乐意帮助你的。(事实上我不会修电视机 ,所以我也不能帮助你。 )
    2. ″ should/ ought to + have + 过去分词″ 结构可以表示过去该做 ,而实际上没做的事情:①Those cells should have been kept in somedry places. 那些电池早就该放在某些干燥的地方。(事实上那些电池没放在干燥的地方。 )②This machine ought to have been repairedyesterday. 这台机器本来昨天就应该修好。(实际上这台机器昨天没修好。 )
    3. ″ could/ might + have + 过去分词″ 结构可表示过去有能力做 ,或有可能做 ,而实际上没做的意义:①I could have c
ome yesterday. 昨天我本来可以来。(实际上昨天我没来。 )②They might have solved the problem. 他们本来是可以解决这个问题的。(实际上他们没解决这个问题。 )
   4. 用连词as if/ as though 引出的方式状语从句和用as it were 或 so to speak/ so to say 作插入语的句子可表示 “好像”, “似乎”, “可以说是” ; “其实不然” 之意:①He talked as if / as though he had been toMars. 他谈起话来好像他到过火星似的。(实际上他没到过火星。 )②Professor Liu is , as it were , a walking dic2tionary. 刘教授好像是一部活字典。(实际上他不是字典。 )③The man , so to speak , only a grown2upboy. 那个人可以说 ,只能算是个成年的孩子。(其实他不是孩子。 )     5. 动词 wish 的宾语从句常常表示与事实相反的愿望:①I wish I were a bird. 我若是一只鸟该多好啊 ! (实际上我不是鸟。 )②I wish I knew how to program the comput2er. 我要是知道怎样为这台计算机编制程序该多好啊 ! (实际上我不知道怎样为这台计算机编制程序。 )         6. ″ mean (或intend , plan , expect , hope , be等动词的过去时 + to have + 过去分词″ 结构表示想做而没做的事情:①She intended to have come. 她本来是想来的。(实际上她没来。 )②I meant to have turned off the radio , but Iforgot . 我本想关上收音机的 ,但忘了。(实际上我没关收音机。 )③We planned to have held the sport s meetyesterday , but it rained. 我们本想昨天举行运动会 ,但天下雨