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Halliday(1985;1994)studied English grammar based on clauses.However,when analyzing a sentence from the above three functions,we cannot judge thespeaker’s feelings,judgement,and appreciation of the event through analysis.Thissuggested that the traditional systematic functional grammar was not complete.JamesR.Martin noticed that there was something that needed to be added.Then James R.Martin and his colleagues,in a scientific project called“Write It Right”,came up withthe appraisal system.They aimed to establish a set of evaluation resources fordiscourse analysis to understand the interpersonal meaning through the understandingof the rhetorical function of evaluative words.It belongs to interpretive research.Martin(2000)published Beyond Exchange:Appraisal System in English,marking thebirth of appraisal theory.However,as it was in the derivation stage,it was notcomplete in all respects.Later,Martin&White(2005)published their firstmonograph on appraisal theory:The Language of Evaluation:Appraisal in English.The appearance of this monograph marked the completion of appraisal theory.

The Appraisal Theory consists of three subsystems.They are engagement,attitude,and graduation.Attitude is concerned with our feelings,including emotionalreactions,judgement of behaviour and evaluation of things.Engagement deals with sourcing attitudes and the play of voices around opinions in discourse.Graduationattends to grading phenomena whereby feelings are amplified and categories areblurred(Martin&White,2005:35).Each of these three subsystems has its subsystems.The subsystems of engagement are monogloss and heterogloss;the subsystems ofattitude are judgement,affect and appreciation.Graduation’s subsystems are force andfocus.The figure below is the framework of appraisal theory.

2.2 Studies on Teacher Talk

In the CNKI literature search interface,entering“English classroom teacher talk”as a subject(period:2001-2022)yielded one thousand and five hundred works,of which 40.8%were from journal papers,43.5%from master’s and doctoral theses,14.7%from the featured journals,0.5%from conference papers and 0.5%fromacademic journals.The statistics on the number of relevant literature are shown in thechart below.

The classroom is a very important place for most second language learnersbecause it is the main place where they are exposed to the target language.Severalaspects of teacher talk will be discussed below for study.

Teacher talk is the professional language used by teachers when teachingstudents.Different scholars have given definitions of teacher discourse.However,from the large category,teacher talk is defined from two perspectives,namely teachertalk in a broad sense and teacher talk in a narrow sense.In a broad sense,teacher talkincludes two aspects.One refers to the words spoken by teachers in class,such as thequestions,feedback,and guidance of teachers in class;another one refers to theinstructions given by teachers to the students after class or what teachers say duringthe home visit,etc.The corpus in this study is the first aspect of teacher talk,and it iscalled teacher talk in the followin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。