英语论文网

e Norman conquered the English for several dozens of years, English society had the earth-shaking change. As a result of the population growth and the commercial development, English society changed a lot. At the same time, because of the encouragement of the King’s preferential policy, large quantities of skilled artisans arrived in England. Because of this the English handicraft industry and the trade had greatly developed. The population of the employers increased unceasingly. All of these promoted the process of surname ’s production directly. In all handicraft industrial professions, the blacksmith was the most important occupation. So many surnames were closely linked with blacksmiths' occupation. For instance, Smith is the surname we are quite familiar with. In addition, there are some other surnames having relationship with blacksmith, such as, Horsenail, Mascall, Blade, Cottle, Brand, Claymore, Buckler, Foskew, Anchor, Nailer, Clower, Spiker, Tingle, Locker, etc. In order to expand its own sphere of influence, the feudal ruling class constructed the castle, and this stimulated the development of the architecture industry. The quality of construction improved greatly. And we can prove this by referring to several hundreds of surnames, which are related to architecture industries, such as, Stoneman, Carrier, Hewar, Machen, Wall, Carver, Board, Capstack, Carpenter, Hatchwood, Latter, Painter, Chalker, Lymer, Stainer, Whiter, Cover, Helliar, Pitcher, Plumb, Reader, Scalter, Glassman, Glaisher, Glass, Glazyer, Verrer, Plaster, Dauber, Daber, and Pargeter. At the same time, wool, wines, food, ship transport and some other industries emerged with the profession of construction. They also had tremendous influence on the production of surname. Each above occupation evolved to the family surname gradually. The development of the Middle Ages culture restricted English surname in its development. The traditional ethics morality often influences the surname by a subtle way. For instance, the significance of surnames involves the qualities such as honesty, braveness, wisdom, tenacity and so on. At the same time, they were also influenced by the feudal knight spirit. Certain surnames reflected English's ethics in the Middle Ages from different angles. For example there were some surnames which expressed honesty, such as Truman, True, Figgs, etc. There were some surnames which expressed loyalty, such as Lautey, Leaty, etc. And, Hard or Hardy was used to express warrior's indomitable spirit. Venture and Ventre refered to warrior's adventure actions. In addition, there were also some were used to express Courage, for example Corage or Courage. From the aggression of Norman to the conclusion of English surname evolution, England feudal society lasted about 350 years. In this short 350 years, so many surnames had come into being due to the changes happening in the society. In English Surname Dictionary, which was published in 1976, compiled by P.H Reamey, there are more than 20,000 surnames. This is really a miracle. And the creation of this miracle has close relations with the specific society cultural element. The collection of English names is just like an encyclopedia. It records the English history faithfully. And it is also the important material of studying the English history. 4. Idioms with English names What worths mentioning is that some English names are no longer merely used as names. They are used idiomatically to refer to certain t