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. Speakers quickly forget such origins and the acronyms become new independent words. Undoubtedly, acronyms remain an important role to modern English vocabulary. c. Blending Blending is a combination of clipping and compounding, which makes new words by putting together parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. For example, phreaking is created from ‘phone and breaking’; ecothug is from ‘ecology and thug’. Blending is a very productive process, which has four types according to the morphological structures. 1. head +tail motal (motor+ hotel), brunch (breakfast+ lunch) teleputer (television + computer) 2. head +head siccom (situation +comedy), hi-tech ( high+technology) sci-fi (science+fiction) 3. head +word medicare (medical+care), lansign (language+sign) 4. word+tail newscast (news +broadcast), moomark (moon+landmark) masscult (mass+culture), greetech (green+technology) The vast majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives. d. Backformation Back-formation is a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from an already existing longer word in the vocabulary. The word edit, for example, comes from the word editor. That is to say, the noun editor appeared first in the English vocabulary, and then the verb edit. According to its origin back-formation may be formed from the following parts of speech. 1. from nouns ending in –er, -ar, -or, -sion, etc aggress—from aggression, edit—from editor, peddle—from peddler/ peddler 2. from nouns ending in other forms diagnose—from diagnosis, enthuse—from enthusiasm, type—from typewriter 3. from noun compounds baby-sit—from baby-sister, housekeep—from housekeeper mass-produce—from mass-production 4. from adjectives greed—from greedy, laze—from lazy, gloom—from gloomy In modern English, a number of back-formation words have become a part of the common core in the English vocabulary, such as air-condition, auto mate, beg, televise, etc. e. Forming New Words by Analogy Word-formation by analogy is a process which produces new words by replacing one constituent of a model word with a new one through semantic association and contrast. Not only single word but also the phrase can be coined with new words by analogy. For example: 1). analogy by a single word sunrise—earthrise—moonrise marathon—talkthon—telethon computerspeak—netspeak—artspeak—collegespeak—sportspeak 2). phrases environmental pollution—air pollution—cultural pollution—sound pollution white collar—pink collar—gold collar—open collar Forming words by analogy is a very active process in modern English. The reason for its popularity may be that it conforms to people’s way of thinking and so easy to build new words. These words are vivid and forceful not only in speech but also in writing. f. Onomatopoeia This is the oldest device of word –formation used to name a thing or an action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it. In modern English, people often coin new words by this method for the purpose of vividness and imagination. For example, bark (a sharp and loud sound made by dogs); giggle (a form of laughter which is repeated by young girl); click (a kind of sound that is made by the mouse).etc. C. Semantic Change English neologisms refer to two kinds: one is words with new forms; the other is old words with new meanings, that is to say, the semantic change. It must note that old-establ