摘要:本文是一篇产品质量的留学生论文,消费者购买并使用产品或服务。早前的制造商在销售时遵循“购者自慎的原则”。这意味着买家在购物时会保持谨慎,因为他们知道客户在购买前会利用他所拥有的技能和知识来检查产品。但贸易的发展以及经济全球化使得消费者现在不可能在购买前就确认产品的质量。
ion of Basic Needs
Right to Safety
Right to be Informed
Right to Choose
Right to be Heard
Right to Redress
Right to Consumer
Education
Right to Healthy & Sustainable Environment
It acted as a tool for the nations to support consumer protection. At the international level this has become the foundation for consumer movement. Today 240 organizations from over 100 countries has come up and united under a single body named Consumers International.
CONSUMERISM IN INDIA
In India the movement was initiated as a ‘social force’ to safeguard and encourage the interests of the consumers. But the Consumer Protection Act in 1986 gave it a legal authority with the declaration of six consumer rights. Separate government departments of consumer affairs were set up and three tier system of consumer courts at national, state and district levels. The movement has already progressed a lot in spreading consumer awareness but is still facing some of the problems such as:
The consumer redressal system is becoming difficult, expensive and time-consuming.
Evidence is not easy to gather as cash memos are not issued for most of the purchases.
The existing laws are not very clear about the issue of compensation to consumers injured by defective products.
As codified under the Indian Laws the Consumers have the following
Rights:
Right to Safety—to protect against hazardous goods
Right to be Informed—about price, quality, purity
Right to choose—access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices.
Right to be Heard—consumers interest and welfare must be taken care of
Right to seek Redress—protection against unfair trade practices and settling genuine grievances.
6. Right to Consumer Education.—Knowledge about goods and issues related to consumers.
CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1986 (COPRA)
As stated earlier, Consumer Protection Act was enacted so as to have a single comprehensive law for the protection of the interest of consumers and for the creation of special courts to solve the consumer disputes speedily and inexpensive manner. Salient features of the Act are as follows:
Declaration of Six Consumer Rights.
Setting up of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in Central and State Governments.
Setting up of a three tier consumer courts for deciding the consumer disputes, namely
- National Commission at national level
- State Commission at State level
- District Forums at district level
Organizations providing certification of standardization in India
Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS): Earlier known as Indian Standards Institution (ISI), issues quality mark for industrial goods.
Directorate of
Marketing and Intelligence (DMI) issues Agmark for the agricultural goods like honey, spices etc.
Hallmark, Woolmark are other important standards adopted in India
At international level International Standardization Organization (ISO) provide a common reference standard for various goods and services.
Codex Alimentarius Commission develops international fo
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