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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2015-05-12编辑:felicia点击率:27109
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摘要:这是一篇有关business environment的留学生论文,浅析了企业发展所面临的激烈的市场竞争,提高大家对企业发展的认识。
2.2.2.2 Extrinsic Motivation
These rewards are usually associated with the element of money and different monetary aspects. It can be said that extrinsic motivation is used to reduce the aspect of intrinsic motivation but this is not viable in all circumstances. Different researchers have actually emphasized on different aspects and it is depicted through research that monetary rewards definitely increase an individual's performance and different incentives urge an individual to perform more and more (DiClemente and Velasquez, 2002, cited Miller and Rollnick, 2000). In the scenario of intrinsic motivation people need time to make wide range of choices, novel events and unexpected possibilities. They need certain amount of time and freedom to make different choices in different scenarios. However, in the scenario of extrinsic rewards people are more attracted towards shortened time perspectives and that is the reason why the final result achieved is much more efficient however, it is also subject to predefined job. The element of job commitment and long term commitment of an individual may be affected negatively.
Rewards and benefits in most of the conditions are tangible and in certain conditions there are intangible rewards like appreciation, a smile of supervisor, etc. The tangible rewards are associated with extrinsic rewards and due to these rewards employees of an organisation are extrinsically motivated and through intrinsic rewards employees are intrinsically motivated.
2.3 Theories of motivation
There are different theories that are associated with the element of motivation. However, there are certain common theories that are followed by many organisation of today's world. The core theories of motivation are discussed below:
2.3.1 Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor used motivation a lot in his proposals and managerial models and that is the reason why they developed an idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His theory comprised of different aspects like workers are not satisfied with the working condition or they usually don't enjoy doing work that is the reason why they need close supervision (McClelland and Boyatzis, 1982). That is the reason why management should break down the element of production into small series of tasks. His entire theory focused on the scenario of financial rewards and he believed that workers are paid according to the number of item they produce and this phenomenon is known as time-piece-rate pay. Through these financial rewards workers can definitely enhance their production levels and they can be satisfied too. Taylor's methods are widely accepted in today's world and they are used to reduce the cost of the production system. Henry ford is considered as a first individual who utilized Taylor's models in his production lines. That is the reason why that era was considered as an era of mass production. However, different researchers believe that Taylor's approach is related with the asp本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。