留学生国际经济法 [2]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-17编辑:zcm84984点击率:10508
论文字数:3258论文编号:org201409161257028292语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:关贸总协定世贸组织国际经济法ECONOMIC LAW
摘要:这是一篇关于关于关贸总协定和世贸组织国际的国际经济法的留学生论文,尽管关贸总协定和世贸组织已经在促进公平的国际贸易方面努力了几十年,但还是有一些明显的例外。
ny member country on the importation of any product of the territory of any other member country or on the exportation or the sale for export of any product destined for the territory of any other member country”
Rationale of trading in textiles
As textiles and apparels are the basic commodities for the mankind. Since the industrial revolution the textiles and apparels manufacture have been important elements for growth of global economic activity and the reason that apparels manufacture is labor intensive with less fixed and working capital for production making these industries the major generator of jobs for the developing and developed countries as well. The percentage of total manufacturing value added accounted for by textile and apparel production among developing countries in 2002 was two and a half times that for industrialized countries.2 Developing countries with their lower wages and labor intensiveness of their textile and apparel manufacture made them have comparative advantage with developed countries making their increased textile exports. Developing countries’ share of world textile manufacture (measured by constant-dollar value added) increased from 21.5% in 1980 to 37.5% in 2002; and their share of world apparel manufacture rose from 18.4% in 1980 to an estimated 30% in 2002.3 Between 1980 and 2002, textile and apparel exports of developing economies (in nominal dollars) in 2002 were more than seven times their 1980 level. In contrast, developed economies’ textile and apparel exports in 2002 were less than two and a half times their 1980 level. Textiles and apparel comprised 12% of developing economies’ exports in 2002, versus 4% for developed economies.4
2United Nations Industrial Development Organization, International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics (Vienna, 2004) p 55;
3 United Nations Industrial Development Organizations, International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics (Vienna, 2004) p 48;
4 United Nations, International Trade Statistics Yearbook, Vol. II. (New York, 2004) p. 506, 562, and 578.
The importance of textile industry to both developed and developing economies, the textile and apparel have been major issues in trade relations among many nations. In order to, resolve the conflicts and to protect the interest of exporters and importers many agreements have formulated mainly between developed and developing countries.
“Textile industry exemption to GATT,” Is GATT multilateral trading system deviated? From the following context I believe that GATT did not fulfill its objective of free global trade. Back to the age of inception in late 1950’s developed countries adopted the new policy of the voluntary export restrain arrangements as a deviation of GATT rule i.e. presuming the textile industry as one of the example, Japan entered voluntary export restrain in 1955 due to pressure from the US Government as result of the disruptive imports and restricted their textile export to respective US markets. Taking the advantage of the Japan’s situation Hong Kong increased its textile exports to US and did not agreed to VER as GATT rules did not allow it. Under the GATT 1947, the legality of voluntary export restrains was a much debated issue.5 In between the same period British government experienced the similar problem in limiting the textiles from India, Pakistan and Hong Kong (The Lancashire pact 1959-62). Fi
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