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(2) Allwinnerswill be announced at the awardceremony held in New York in October, 1995. GoldPrizeW innerswillbe invited to attend the award cere-mony at the organizers’expense (The Children’sDi-vision Gold Prize W inners will be accompanied by aparentorguardian). SpecialW innerswillalso be invi-ted.

这是一则关于参加联合国环境规划署1994~1995国际环境摄影比赛广告中的关于颁奖仪式的一段话。这段语篇一共包含四个小句,而且四个小句都是被动语态。从主位结构来看,它们的主位分别是AllW inners, Gold PrizeW inners, TheChildren’sDivision Gold PrizeW inners以及SpecialW inners。读者一看就知这是关于奖项的语篇,与主题“AwardCeremony”相符合。就单句而言,它们与其相对应的主动语态的命题意义是相同的。但从整个语篇来看,如果把其中一句变为主动语态,如把第三句变为“A parent or guardian will accompany the Chil-dren’sDivision Gold PrizeW inners”,这样其主位变为“A parent or guardian”,强调的是“A parent orguardian”而不是“winners”。这样就使整个语篇的主位不一致、结构不整齐、主题不突出。

3. 2　引入主题功能

引入主题功能也是运用一定的句法手段为语篇提供一个主题,即语篇将要围绕这个主题进行说明和叙述。被动语态运用可以使语篇在重组时,把某人或某物作为新信息置于句末,为语篇引入一个主题,以供下文讨论之用。

(3) Satellite-base systems can be undermined atthree points. The first is on the ground. Receiving sta-tions linked to satelliteswould be among the first tar-gets in any war. This is especially true of satelliteslinked to theUS earlywarning satellites. There are on-ly two of these, at Buckley Colorado and in CentralAustralia. The second is…The third is…

语篇第一句就使用了被动语态。就主位结构而言,这句的主位为Satellite-based systems,而后面为述位;就信息而言,此句运用被动语态将threepoints置于句末成为新信息并使之成为信息焦点,不仅为语篇的发展引入所要讨论的主题,而且使整个语篇的前后衔接更加紧密,这一点可以从被动语态引入的主题以及three points同下文的the first、the second和the third之间形成的照应关系得到很好的证明。

(4) The SovietUnion has told Iran that seekingto end the Gulfwar by politicalmeans would not beseen as a defea.t The Sovietmessagewas conveyed byPresidentGromyko to the Iranian ambassador inMos-cow. Mr. Gromyko told the en本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。