澳大利亚留学生Economics Essay [3]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-09-29编辑:yangcheng点击率:10032
论文字数:4498论文编号:org201409182310097393语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:民营企业贷款Economics Essay印度发展私营部门经济学论文Predatory Growth
摘要:本文是一篇分析印度发展的经济学论文,近期发展中国家如印度和中国的较高的增长速度,导致了经济学家的一些激烈争论。著名的印度经济学家Amit Bhaduri称近期较高的增长速度为“掠夺性增长”。
e dealt with some of the recent development induced displacement issues in the country. However most of his arguments are more or less true. The government failed to create alternative livelihoods for those affected by huge displacement and damage in the name of Industrialization in the country.He mentioned several displacement issues like Narmada dam isssue,Coca Cola issue,Iron mining in Jharkand,Orrisa etc.Then he criticised the argument that the poor especially the tribals should bear the “ burden of Economic progress” of the rich. All those activities will lead to the ‘internal colonization of the poor’.
He concluded his article by raising a big concern over the existing high growth. According to him,the high growth period from 2004-2008 can be a big challenge to the Indian economy and he pointed out almost all issues which would widen the inequality in the developing Indian economy .But he completely avoided the methodological issues in calculating the growth of the country and some of the important existing development literature for explaining his stand and strongly followed some of the hypotheses explained in the paper.
Analytical basis for Bhaduri’s characterization of the recent growth as Predatory
Amit Bhaduri is a well known economist and ‘Predatory Growth’ is one of the widely discussed article.He is an all time critic of increasing corporate capital. He is a pro-Keynesian and we have to familiarize certain authors like Kalecki,Myrdal,Marx etc to have a deeper understanding of his arguments.He emphasize more on the importance of effective demand than supply-side problems which has a much larger theoretical and political range. This article is also can be considered within a general Keynesian framework.The left Keynesian social democrats’ view of ‘Corporate Capitalism’,the Marxian model of ‘Profit Squeeze’ or even the conservative model relying on ‘supply side’ stimulus through high profitability and a low real wage(Bhaduri andMarglin,1990) are the important theoretical aspects mentioned in the paper.Since mid 1970,the foreign markets got a relative importance when compared to domestic market through a much greater economic opening up in good and service trade.The introduction of flexible exchange rate also cause someone to think that the Keynesian Theory is outdated.
According to Marglin and Schor (1990) the success of Keynesian demand management with high employment and rising mass consumption came to be troubled by its own success. So model of cooperative capitalism of the welfare state was replaced by the model of conflictive capitalism, in which conflict over the distribution of income tended to manifest itself through inflationary or stagflationary price rise.(Bhaduri,2006).So the importance has been shifted to target inflation rather than to control unemployment. The very idea of Natural rate of unemployment (Friedman, 1968) came into significance during this period and all governments giving up the demand side policies to keep unemployment below the natural rate. The emergence of monetarists has led to the initiation of a term called ‘sound
Finance’ .It means ‘no deficit financing’ or low deficit. According to Kalecki (1943) the same idea has been used during the Second World War period to have a control over the workers and it is similar to the Marxian idea of ‘reserve army’. If the economy opens up, then exports returns will get more importance than governm
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