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wever, the number has radically reduced by 10% in 2006 (Tunon and Baruah, 2012). In the NEORUSS survey done in Russia, about 50% of the Russians believed that “many migrants come to Russia not in order to work honestly, but to steal from Russians and weaken the Russian people”; while over 40% of the residents disagreed with this notion. The ideology of the locals in the western countries generally holds the stance that the immigrants are a threat to the safety and stability of the local community. Nevertheless, I believe that terrorist problems and safety issues still exist even if we ban all the immigrants from moving to the countries. Take 911 terrorist attack as an example, the terrorist were just crossing the borders with no intention of staying permanently in the US. However, this attack seems to contribute to the 10% of Americans viewing the immigrants are people who “significantly increase crime”. This is not reasonable because immigration and border security are two individual matters. The blind connection between the immigrants and terrorists is superficial and lack of evidence. “Contact theory” explains the growth of migrantophobia in Europe is due to the lack of contact to the immigrants (Hayes and Dowds, 2006). It holds the perspective that interaction in various ways, such as neighbours, friends and so on, heighten the level of tolerance towards the immigrants (Bevelander and Otterbeck, 2010). Case studies found that personal interaction can significantly change perception an attitude towards the immigrants. People who have personal interaction with the immigrants view them as people who are willing to work in a different country rather than a “scary mop”(Kosmarskaya, 2016). In the lack of personal interaction, external evaluations in the public can considerably affect the perceptions of the immigrants, stirring up rumours and fears (Kosmarskaya, 2016). It is obvious that negative information regarding the immigrants is manipulated to arouse public fear with a political aim (Escandell and Ceobanu, 2009). The politicians are making use of the lack of contact between the local citizens and the immigrants to arouse fear between tehm. To put the blame on the ethnic minorities for the safety problems is problematic and non-humanistic.
Culture clash is feared while culture club is resulted. “Ethno-cultural threat” is always a concern to the host community. People are afraid of the ethnic minorities for no reasons. In France, a considerable number of the French believe that the ideas and culture of the immigrants do not add to the country’s advancement (Waldinger, 2010). They do not appreciate the diversities of cultures and ideas of the immigrants. Americans are not unanimous in their stances towards the effects of the immigrants’ culture brought to the local American society. Opinions are much divided to the two extremes. Half of the Americans believe that the society can be more diversified with the immigrants while others argue their culture is a threat to the American traditional values (Tunon and Baruah, 2012). The half of the Americans believe that the cultures of the immigrants can adversely affect their own cultures and traditions; while no evidence can be found to prove the harm. This is only a speculation from them. Opinions of the Russians towards the culture of the immigrants are much more diversified. Nearly 60% of the respondents think that ethnic diversity can strengthen Russia in some aspects and weak