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贸易可以是国内生产总值（GDP）的最重要来源，是经济增长的强大动力。在世界贸易组织（世贸组织）调查的基础上，贸易一直被“确定为合作伙伴国家发展战略中的一个关键优先事项”。然而，这种描述可能是更现实的发达国家。对于大多数发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家（最不发达国家），这解释可能完全不同。来自粮食和农业组织（粮农组织）的统计数据显示，2010年世界各地的饥饿人口已达到9亿2500万，占世界总人口的14%。由于缺乏资源、基础设施、受过教育的劳动力、信息、组织良好的机构，人们的基本生活需求不能满足，更不用说发展经济或建设一个稳定的社会。如圣多美和普林西比，其国内生产总值的75.2%来自国际援助。所有这些事实使得国际援助非常必要和重要。随着援助在国际事务中发挥着越来越重要的作用，关于援助是否作为补充贸易的一种替代品的话题引起了巨大的争论。由世界贸易组织和经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）共同发起的一个叫做“贸易援助”的项目，可能会建议援助可以帮助提高一个国家的贸易能力。在同一时间，援助也被批评为一个块平滑贸易由于其潜在的副作用，如“荷兰病”，“寻租”或腐败问题。基于这些论点，本文的目的是提供一个比较全面和客观的国际援助对贸易的影响。经过对这些观点和事实的全面分析，本文的观点是，从某些方面帮助促进贸易，但它也会引发一些贸易问题。然而，只要我们采取一些有效措施，副作用就可以得到缓解。不可否认，还有很长的路要走，不过，我们还有希望。

Introduction 简介
Trade can be the most important source of Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and a powerful engine for economic growth. Based on the World Trade Organization (WTO) investigation, trade has been 'identified as a key priority in the national development strategies of partner countries' (WTO, 2009). However, this description might be more realistic for developed countries. For most of the developing countries, especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), the picture might be totally different. The statistics from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) showed that the number of hungry people all over the world in 2010 has reached 925 million, nearly 14% of the world's total population of 6.8 billion'. As a lack of resources, infrastructure, educated labour, information, well-organized institutions, the people's basic living demands cannot be satisfied, let alone to develop economy or construct a stabilized society. Such as a country, which is called Sao Tome and Principe, 75.2% of its GDP come from international aid. All of these facts made international aid extremely necessary and significant. As aid has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, the topic about whether aid is performed as a substitute for trade of a complement to trade has aroused a huge debate. A programme called 'Aid-for-Trade' jointly launched by the World Trade Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) might have suggested that aid can help enhance a country's trade capability. At the same time, aid is also being criticized as a block in smoothing trade due to its potential side effects, such as 'Dutch Disease', 'rent-seeking' or corruption problems. Based on all these arguments, this essay is aimed to offer a comparatively comprehensive and objective view of international aid's effects on trade. After a general analysis of all these views and facts, this essay's viewpoint is that aid, from some aspects, can help facilitate trade, but it can also trigger some problems for trade. However, the side effects can be mitigated as long as we take some effective measures. Undeniably, there is a long way to go, still, we have hopes.

Aid's positive effects on trade 援助对贸易的积极影响
The first positive effect on trade is that aid can 'overcome internal trade-barriers' and serve as a complement to market access, this is also an important motive for the 'Aid-for-Trade' (AFT) project (Stiglitz, 2010). Market barriers include tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers. For the Least Developed Countries, the tariff barriers are not the primary constrains for the low exports, rather, the 'weak infrastructure, high product standards, poor access to credit and unfavourable business environment' are the fundamental restrictions for them to enhance