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爱尔兰论文范文精选:The Wider Public And World Opinion Over Irish Hunger Strikes [2]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2012-04-09编辑:lena ding点击率:42021

论文字数:18563论文编号:org201204091037239662语种:英语 English地区:爱尔兰价格:免费论文

关键词:The Wider PublicWorld OpinionIrish Hunger Strikes

摘要:本文针对“爱尔兰绝食事件”进行了剖析,分析了英国政府,爱尔兰政府的反应,强调英国如何对待第二次的绝食罢工,和爱尔兰在罢工中如何发挥它的作用。最后论文讨论了工会各方,新芬党,天主教,爱尔兰公众的共和党人,爱尔兰裔美国人,在绝食中的意见。


 
Acknowledgement

I have been greatly helped by several people during the writing of this dissertation.

For the first instance, I need to thank my final supervisor, Chris Williams. He, not only, has provided wise advice and invaluable support, but made comments in detail and corrected some grammar mistakes.

Dr. Hugh Dunthorne, who has been my personal tutor, has given me lots of support and advice during my year at Swansea. It was really kind of him to help me find a proper and relative supervisor once and again. And he also guided me to borrow some books on murals at the critical moment.

I am heavily indebted to Ian Glen, the librarian of the university library. The primary sources, such as newspaper, provided by him made the process both possible and enjoyable.

Two more people, Dr. Sean L’ Estrange and Dr. Gareth Stockey also gave me much advice when I start the dissertation.

Finally, it is a great pleasure to thank: my parents; Pro. Ji Qiufeng; Zhang Xiaomo; and thank my English friends: Esther Williams, Kimberley; Hannah Thomas; Chinese friends: Chen Min; Yu Duo.
 
Introduction:
Part 1 The Aim of The Dissertation
 The dissertation investigates the IRA hunger strikes of 1980 and 1981, with the purpose of analyzing the reactions of the British Government, the Irish Government, Sinn Fein, the Irish public and the republicans, the United States, and international observers to the hunger strikes. It is divided into four chapters.
 Chapter one firstly examines British policies toward the IRA before the hunger strike took place. It is necessary to discuss the British policies which were closely linked with the IRA activities. During the Troubles, Northern Ireland descended into violence. After the spilt of IRA, in December 1969, at Special Army Convention,  the Provisional IRA chose to pursue military activities to realize its goal that was to force Britain to withdraw from Northern Ireland so as to fulfill a united Ireland including thirty-two counties, rather than twenty-six counties. The more the IRA pursued violent activities, the stronger the British formed policies to repress them. Internment, in 1971, was aimed at both halting the PIRA violence and improving the political atmosphere. In the period of internment, most IRA suspects were given special experimental interrogation treatment. The European Court of Human Rights characterized the internment as ‘inhuman and degrading’ treatment.  The internment was a great blow to the IRA. The temporary ceasefire, issued by the British in 1974, was intended to weaken the PIRA’s military organization. To the PIRA, its ceasefire was on the basis of the compromise of British withdrawal from the Northern Ireland. When they confirmed that there was no possibility of the British concession, they thought that it was not necessary to maintain the ceasefire. In republicans’ eyes, the ceasefire was a ‘disaster’  which, to some extent, weakened the IRA. The failure of the ceasefire made the British Government realize it was necessary to enact a stronger and more effective security policy to repress the PIRA’s continual and increasing violence. The policies of Ulsterization, Criminalization and Normalization aimed at the removal of IRA’s Special Category Status that had been granted to the IRA by William Whitelaw,  in 1972, and at classifying IRA prisoners as ordinary criminal prisoners, not论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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